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حقوق ناشی از تأخیر در پرداخت تعهدات پولی | ||
مطالعات حقوقی | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1402، صفحه 303-336 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2023.44198.4764 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مونا عبدی* 1؛ محمود باقری2 | ||
1دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
2دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
بدون تردید پول ازجمله کاربردیترین اختراعهای اعتباری بشری است که بحث اهمیت آن نه فقط در اقتصاد بلکه در حقوق نیز غیرقابلانکار است. هر زمان که مدیون در پرداخت تعهد پولی خود تأخیر کند سوال اصلی که در نظامهای حقوقی مختلف از جمله نظام حقوقی ایران مطرح میشود این است که چه حقوقی برای متعهدله جهت جبران کامل خسارات ناشی از تاخیر در پرداخت قابل مطالبه است. برای پاسخ به این پرسش میتوان میان سه حق مختلف برای طلبکار تفکیک قائل شد: اگر طرفین در مورد خسارت وارده توافق کرده باشند، خسارت موردتوافق باید پرداخت شود و درصورت عدم توافق، خسارت ناشی ازکاهش ارزش پول و منافع ازدسترفته پول (بهره) بهلحاظ اقتصادی قابل مطالبه خواهد بود. این نوشتار درتلاش است تا با رویکردی توصیفی و تحلیلی هر کدام از این نوع خسارات را با درنظرگرفتن وضعیت موجود درنظام حقوقی و قضائی ایران بررسی کند. یافتههای این تحقیق نشان میدهد که از میان حقوق مختلفی که به لحاظ اقتصادی برای رسیدن به اصل جبران کامل خسارات ضروری است، نظام حقوقی ایران صرفاً کاهش ارزش پول را با شروط بسیاری پذیرفته و منافع ازدسترفته پول را بهرسمیت نمیشناسد. در مورد امکان توافق اشخاص بر میزان خسارت نیز رویکرد بسیار مضیقی را اتخاذ کرده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تعهدات پولی؛ کاهش ارزش؛ بهره؛ خسارت تأخیر؛ عدم نفع؛ وجه التزام | ||
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