| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 903 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,081 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 15,201,659 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,846,011 |
Types and Tokens of Lexical Bundles in Civil Engineering Students' Genre-Specific English Articles | ||
| Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly | ||
| دوره 41، شماره 2، مرداد 2022، صفحه 37-74 اصل مقاله (1.09 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/tesl.2021.39319.2928 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hamid Reza Baba Ahmadi؛ Hamed Babaie Shalmani* | ||
| Department of English Language, College of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present study sought to find the most frequent lexical bundles, particularly the token of the bundles, in the introduction and discussion sections of Civil Engineering research articles. It also aimed to examine the forms or types of lexical bundles found in the introduction and discussion sections of the articles. To this end, a quantitative analysis was performed on the use of two-to-five-word lexical bundles, followed by a qualitative analysis of their functions and structures based on the structural taxonomy of lexical bundles proposed by Biber, Conrad, and Cortes (2004). AntConc, as a corpus analysis tool, was employed for the extraction of lexical bundles as well as the examination of their types and tokens. Likewise, concordancers and word and keyword frequency generators were used for the analysis of word clusters and lexical bundles. A total of 790 lexical bundles in the introduction section and 279 lexical bundles in the discussion section were analyzed based on a set of pre-established criteria (e.g., the frequency cut-off of 20 per million words). The findings revealed that the lexical bundles consisted largely of two-word strings, and the five-word strings were the fewest. Regarding the structural classification of bundles, phrasals were the most frequent ones, whereas clausal ones were the least frequent ones. The study carries important implications, especially for materials developers and course designers who may hopefully benefit from the results in designing EAP materials finely tailored to the linguistic needs of Civil Engineering students. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| AntConc؛ EAP؛ Genre Analysis؛ Lexical Bundles | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alipour, M., Jalilifar, A., & Zarea, M. (2013). A corpus study of lexical bundles across different disciplines. The Iranian EFL Journal, 9(6), 11-35.
Bennet, A. (1991). Discourses of power, the dialectics of understanding the power of literacy. New York: Bergin and Garvey.
Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for specific purposes, 26, 263-286.
Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (2001). Variation in English: Multi-dimensional studies. London: Pearson.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 371-405.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1999). Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: University Press.
Bychkovska. T., & Lee, J. J. (2017). At the same time: Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 university student argumentative writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 30, 38-52.
doi: 10.1016/j.jeap.2017.10.008
Chen, Y. H., & Baker, P. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing. Language Learning and Technology, 14(2), 30-49.
Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23, 397-423.
Cortes, V. (2008). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in academic history writing in English and Spanish. Corpora, 3(1), 43-57.
Cortes, V. (2013). The purpose of this study is to: Connecting lexical bundles and move in research article introductions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 12, 33-43.
Covington, M., & McFall, J. (2010). Cutting the Gordian knot: The moving-average type-token ratio (MATTR). Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 17(2), 94-100.
Durrant, P., & Schmitt, N. (2010). Adult learners' retention of collocations from exposure. Second Language Research, 26(2), 163-188.
Ellis, N. C., Simpson-Vlach, R., & Maynard, C. (2008). Formulaic language in native and second-language speakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 41(3), 375-396.
Farnia, M., & Barati, S. (2017). Writing introduction sections of research articles in applied linguistics: Cross-linguistic study of native and non-native writers. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 486-494. doi: 10.17509/ijal.v7i2.8357
Folse, K. S. (2004). Vocabulary myths: Applying second language research to classroom teaching. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Gardner, D., & Davies, M. (2007). Pointing out frequent phrasal verbs: A corpus-based analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 339-359.
Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Granger, S., & Paquot, M. (2008). Disentangling the phraseological web. In S. Granger & Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hamzelou Moghadam, S., Zainal, Z., & Ghaderpour, M. (2012). A review on the important role of vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension performance. Procedia-Sociol and Sciences, 66, 555-563.
Herbel-Eisenmann, B., & Wagner, D. (2010). Appraising lexical bundles in mathematics classroom discourse: Obligation and choice. Educ Stud Math, 75, 43-63.
Hunston, S. (2000). Evaluation and the planes of discourse: Status and value in persuasive texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hyland, K. (2007). Applying a gloss: Exemplifying and reformulating in academic discourse. Applied Linguistics, 28(2), 266-285.
Hyland, K. (2008a). As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 4-21.
Hyland, K. (2008b). Academic clusters: Text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 41-62.
Hyland, K. (2012). Bundles in academic discourse. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32,150-169.
Jalali, H. (2014). Examining novices’ selection of lexical bundles: The case of EFL Postgraduate students in applied linguistics. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 1(2), 1-11.
Jalali, Z. S., & Moini, M. R. (2014). Structure of lexical bundles in the introduction section of medical research articles. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 719-726. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.473.
Jalali, H., & Zarei, G. R. (2016). Academic writing revisited: A phraseological applied linguistics high-stake genres from the perspective of lexical bundles. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 34(4), 87-114.
José, M. & Marco, L. (2000). Collocational frameworks in medical research papers: A genre-based study. English for Specific Purposes, 19, 63-86.
Katnic-Bakarsic, M. (2004). Discourse stylistic as contextualized stylistics. Journal for Philogical Research, 15(2), 37-48.
Anthony, L. (2004). AntConc: A learner and classroom friendly, multi-platform, corpus analysis toolkit. IWLeL 2004: An Interactive Workshop on Language e-Learning, 7-13. Retrieved from http://www.laurenceanthony.net/research/iwlel_2004_anthony_AntConc.pdf
A critical look at software tools in corpus linguistics. Linguistic Research, 30(2), 141-161.
Menon, S., & Mukundan, J. (2012). Collocations of high frequency noun keywords in prescribed science textbooks. International Education Studies, 5(6), 149-160.
Nesselhauf, N. (2005). Collocations in a learner corpus. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Pan, F., Reppen, R., & Biber, D. (2016). Comparing patterns of L1 versus L2 English academic professionals: Lexical bundles in telecommunications research journals. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 21, 60-71.
Paquot, M. (2007). Exemplification in learner writing: A cross-linguistic perspective. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Parvizi, N. (2011). Identification of discipline-specific lexical bundles in education (Unpublished thesis). University of Kashan.
Pérez-Llantada, C. (2014). Formulaic language in L1 and L2 expert academic writing: Convergent and divergent usage. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 14, 84-94.
Rafiee, M., & Keihaniyan, M. (2013). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in journalistic writing in English and Persian: A contrastive linguistic perspective. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1(2), 37-44.
Reller, T. (2014). RELX annual reports and financial statements. London: RELX Group.
Ren, J. (2021). Variability and functions of lexical bundles in research articles of applied linguistics and pharmaceutical sciences. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 50, 1-16.
Sadeghi, K., & Khajepasha, A. S. (2015). Thesis writing challenges for non-native MA students. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 20, 357-373.
Salazar, D. (2014). Lexical bundles in native and non-native scientific writing: Applying a corpus-based study to language teaching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Schmitt, N. (2010). Researching vocabulary: A vocabulary research manual. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shin, Y. K., & Kim, Y. (2017). Using lexical bundles to teach articles to L2 English learners of different proficiencies. System, 69, 79–91. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2017.08.002Sinclair, J. (2008). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Siyanova, C. A., & Schmitt, N. (2008). L2 learner production and processing of collocation: A multi-study perspective. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 64(3), 429-458.
Siyanova C. A., Conklin, K., & van Heuven, W. (2011). Seeing a phrase "Time and Again" matters: The role of phrasal frequency in the processing of multiword sequences. Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 37,776-84.
Staples, S., & Reppen, R. (2016). Understanding first-year L2 writing: A lexico-grammatical analysis across L1s, genres, and language ratings. Journal of Second Language Writing, 32, 17-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jslw.2016.02.00
Stubbs, M. (2007). An example of frequent English phraseology: Distribution, structures and functions. In R. Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus linguistics 25 years on (pp. 89-105). Amsterdam: Radopi.
Swales, J. (2004). Then and now: A reconsideration of the first corpus of scientific English. Iberica, 8, 5-21.
Tognini-Bonelli, E. (2001). Corpus linguistics at work. Amsterdam: Benjamins
Tremblay, A., Derwing, B., Libben, G., & Westbury, C. (2011). Processing advantages of lexical bundles: Evidence from self-paced reading and sentence recall tasks. Language Learning, 61(2), 569-613. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00622.x
Valipoor, L. (2010). A corpus-based study of words and bundles in chemistry research articles (Unpublished thesis). University of Kashan.
Wang, Y., & Shaw, P. (2008). Transfer and universality: Collocation use in advanced Chinese and Swedish learner English. ICAME Journal, 32, 201-232.
Wright, H. R. (2019). Lexical bundles in stand-alone literature reviews: Sections, frequencies, and functions. English for Specific Purposes, 54, 1-14.
Yin, X., & Li, S. (2021). Lexical bundles as an intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary mark: A corpus-based study of research articles from business, biology, and applied linguistics. Applied Corpus Linguistics, 1(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.acorp.2021.100006 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 772 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 616 |
||