ناکارآمدی قوانین بیمهای موجود در حوادث ناشی از استقلال هوش مصنوعی (مطالعه موردی خودروهای تمامخودران) | ||
مطالعات حقوقی | ||
دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1403، صفحه 75-108 اصل مقاله (1.14 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2023.46857.4917 | ||
نویسنده | ||
ناهید پارسا* | ||
دکترای تخصصی، دانش آموخته دکترای حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
زمانی که یک هوش مصنوعی در یک خودروی تمام خودران مطابق با دستورات اعطاشده توسط تولیدکننده یا توسعهدهندگان نرمافزار عمل نمیکند بدون آنکه برنامهنویس و توسعهدهنده مرتکب تقصیری شده باشند یا خظایی انجام داده باشند نمیتوان سازنده را مسئول حادثه ی واقع شده دانست مگر اینکه ثابت شود برنامهنویس یا توسعهدهنده باید خطرات و موقعیتهای احتمالی را پیشبینی میکرده ولی این کار را نکرده است؛ مانند خودروی تمامخودرانی که برنامهنویس یا توسعهدهنده فقط به آن نرمافزار امکان شناسایی افراد سفیدپوست را عطا کرده ممکن است یک فرد سیاهپوست را به عنوان یک انسان تشخیص نداده و سبب وقوع حادثه شود؛ اما در جایی که هوش مصنوعی خارج از چارچوب دستورالعمل خود و مطابق با یادگیری عمیق (تقویتی) خود عمل میکند و از کنترل خارج میشود چه کسی مسئول خواهد بود؟ جبران خسارت زیاندیده باید توسط چه کسی انجام شود؟ برای این امر چندین راهحل پیشبینی شده ازجمله اعطای شخصیت حقوقی مستقل به خودرو، مدل پیشنهادی آبراهام و رابین در مورد مسئولیت شرکت سازنده و پیشنهاد یک صندوق بدون تقصیر، پس از تجزیه و تحلیل این ایدهها و بیان نواقص و ناکارآمدی آنها راهکار نهایی تحت عنوان صندوق خاص جبران خسارات ناشی از استقلال هوش مصنوعی، معرفی خواهد شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
هوش مصنوعی؛ یادگیری عمیق؛ ناکارآمدی؛ بیمه | ||
مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 177 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 150 |