A higher proportion of female lambs in Kurdish × Romanov ewes fed a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids and rumen undegradable protein around mating

Abayasekara, D. R. E., & Wathes, D. C. (1999). Effects of altering dietary fatty acid composition on prostaglandin synthesis and fertility. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 61, 275-87. http://doi:10.1054/plef.1999.0101.

Alhimaidi, A. R., Aiman, A. A., Muath, Q. A., Al Saiady, M.Y., Amran, R.A., & Swelum, A.A. (2021). Sex preselection of sheep embryo by altering the minerals of maternal nutrition. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 680-684. http://doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.059.

Association of official analytical chemists (AOAC). (2007). International, official methods of analysis. 18th ed.MD, USA: AOAC, Gaithersburg

Arangasamy, A., Selvaraju, S., Parthipan, S., Somashekar, L., Rajendran, D., & Ravindra, J. (2015). Role of calcium and magnesium administration on sex ratio skewing, follicular fluid protein profiles and steroid hormone level and oocyte transcripts expression pattern in Wistar rat. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 85, 1190-1194. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v85i11.53227.

Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S., & Stern, M. D. (2005). Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, E9-E21.

https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73133-7.

Butler, W. R. (1998). Review: Effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 2533-2539. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00076-2.

Cheng, Zh., Oguejiofor, C. F., Swangchan-Uthai, T., Carr, S., & Wathes, D. C. (2015). Relationships between circulating urea concentrations and endometrial function in postpartum dairy cows. Animal 5, 748-773. http://doi.org: 10.3390/ani5030382.

Clayton, E. H., Wilkins, J. F., & Friend, M. A. (2016). Increased proportion of female lambs by feeding Border Leicester × Merino ewes a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids around mating. Animal Production Science, 56, 824-833. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14714.

Clayton, E. H., Friend, M. A., & Wilkins, J. F. (2017). Intergenerational effects of omega-6 fatty acids. 1. The reproductive rate of Border Leicester × Merino ewes is influenced by the diet fed to their dams around conception. Animal Production Science 57, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15127.

Daghigh kia, H., Ahmad Fazel, A., & Hossein Khani, A. (2016). Different sources of protein effect in the flushing rations on some blood parameters and the reproductive performance of Ghezel sheep. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 6, 629-638.

Elrod, C. C., & Butler, W. R. (1993). Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminally degradable protein. Animal Science, 71, 694-701.

https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.713694x.

Emadi, S., Rezaei, A., Bolourchi, M., Hovareshti, P., & Akbarinejad, V. (2014). Administration of estradiol benzoate before insemination could skew secondary sex ratio toward males in Holstein dairy cows. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 48, 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.03.001.

Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226 (1),497-509.

Gharagozlou, F., Youssefi, R., & Akbarinejad, V. (2016). Effects of diets supplemented by fish oil on sex ratio of pups in bitch. Veterinary Research, Forum 2, 105-110.

Green, M. P., Spate, L. D., Parks, T. E., Kimura, K., Murphy, C. N., Williams, J. E., Kerley, M. S., Green, J. A., Keisler, D. H., & Roberts, R. M. (2008). Nutritional skewing of conceptus sex in sheep: effects of a maternal diet enriched in rumen-protected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 6, 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-6-21.

Gulliver, C. E., Friend, M. A., King, B. J., & Clayton, E. H. (2012). The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reproduction of sheep and cattle. Animal Production Science, 31, 9-22. https://doi.org 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.002

Gulliver, C., Friend, M., King, B., Wilkins, J., & Clayton, E. (2013). A higher proportion of female lambs when ewes were fed oats and cottonseed meal prior to and following conception. Animal Production Science, 53, 464-471. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12279

Hammon, D. S., Holyoak, G. R., & Dhiman, T. R. (2005). Association between blood plasma urea nitrogen levels and reproductive fluid urea nitrogen and ammonia concentrations in early lactation dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 86, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.08.003.

Helle, S., Laaksonen, T., Adamsson, A., Paranko, J., and Huitu, O. Female field voles with high testosterone and glucose levels produce male-biased litters. Animal Behaviour, 75, 1031-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.015.

Iranian Council of Animal Care (1995). Guide to the care and use of experimental animals, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

James, W. H. (1996). Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels around the time of conception. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 198, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1996.0102.

Kimura, K., Spate, L. D., Green, M. P., & Roberts, R. M. (2005). Effects of D-glucose concentration, D-fructose, and inhibitors of enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway on the development and sex ratio of bovine blastocysts. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 72, 201-207. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/mrd.20342

Mathews, F., Johnson, P. J., & Neil, A. (2008). You are what your mother eats: Evidence for maternal preconception diet influencing foetal sex in humans. Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 275, 1661-1668. https://doi.org/ 10.1098/rspb.2008.0105

Mirzaei Alamouti, H., Mohammadi, Z., Shahir, M. H., Vazirigohar, M., & Mansouryar, M. (2018). Effects of short-term feeding of different sources of fatty acids in pre-mating diets on reproductive performance and blood metabolites of fat-tailed Iranian Afshari ewes. Theriogenology, 113, 85-91.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.007

Navara, K. J. (2018). Choosing sexes: Mechanisms and adaptive patterns of sex allocation in vertebrates. Switzerland: Springer Publication.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71271-0

National Research Council (NRC). (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants, sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. USA, Washington DC: National Academy Press.

Rhoads, M. L., Gilbert, R. O., Lucy, M. C., & Butler, W. R. (2004). Effects of urea infusion on the uterine

luminal environment of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 2896-2901.

https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73420-7

Robertson, S. M., Clayton, E. H., King, B. J., Knott, S., Morgan, B., & Friend, M. A. (2014). Lucerne pasture ad libitum after day 7 post insemination may increase embryo mortality in ewes. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production, 30, 66.

Rosenfeld, C. S., & Roberts, R. M. (2004). Maternal diet and other factors affecting offspring sex ratio: A review. Biological Reproduction, 71, 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.104.030890

Sturmey, R. G., Bermejo-Alvarez, P., Gutierrez-Adan, A., Rizos, D., Leese, H. J., & Lonergan, P. (2010). Amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts: A biomarker of sex and viability. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 77, 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.21145

Tatum, J. D., DeWalt, M. S., LeValley, S. B., Savell, J. W., & Williams, F. L. (1998). Relationship of feeder lamb frame size to feedlot gain and carcass yield and quality grades. Animal Science, 76, 435-440. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.762435x

Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3593-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.