اثرات قوانین تحریمی ایالاتمتحده آمریکا بر تجارت نفت میان ایران و چین | ||
مطالعات حقوقی | ||
دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1403، صفحه 185-220 اصل مقاله (929.47 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2023.48402.5012 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سید محمد حسن رضوی* 1؛ الهام امین زاده2؛ محمدرضا سالاری3 | ||
1استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
2استاد، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
3دانشجوی دکتری رشته حقوق نفت و گاز، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
در بازار نفت کشور چین، بهعنوان بزرگترین واردکننده نفت خام جهان، شرکتهای دولتی و پالایشگران مستقل در دو دسته مجزا مشغول فعالیت هستند که با بازگشت تحریمهای آمریکا علیه ایران، ارتباط دسته اول با کشور ما در حوزه تجارت نفت بهکلی قطع شد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناخت علت این پدیده، ضمن استفاده از رویکردی تحلیلی، تغییر هویت شرکتهای نفتی دولتی چین از شرکتهایی ملی به بینالمللی را علت اصلی بروز چالش موصوف میداند. در این راستا، ضمن تطبیق ساختار تشکیلاتی این شرکتها با معیارهای حقوقی نظام تحریمی آمریکا، اثرات وسیع و مخرب انجام معاملات تحریمی بر فعالیتهای بینالمللی شرکتهای دولتی ارزیابی شده و عدم امکان تجارت نفت با این شرکتها در شرایط تحریم به اثبات میرسد. همچنین مقاله پیشرو، محرومیت از تجارت نفت با شرکتهای دولتی چین و عدم مطلوبیت معامله با پالایشگران مستقل بهعنوان تنها خریداران نفت ایران را بهعنوان اثرات و محدودیتهای ناشی از شرایط تحریم شناسایی کرده است، زیرا بازار پالایشگران مستقل بسیار محدود بوده و این دسته از پالایشگران ملزم به تبعیت از نظام سهمیه واردات نفت خام و متعاقباً، انعقاد قراردادهای تکمحموله خرید نفت هستند؛ اموری که منتهی به عدم شناسایی آنان بهعنوان شرکایی بلندمدت و قابلاطمینان توسط ایران میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پالایشگران مستقل؛ تجارت نفت؛ تحریم؛ شرکتهای نفتی دولتی چین؛ معیار کنترل؛ معیار مالکیت | ||
مراجع | ||
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