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ضرورت ایجاد تفاهمنامه بینالمللی در حوزه مسئولیت دولت عاملِ مهندسی زمین و ساختار معاهده پیشنهادی | ||
مطالعات حقوقی | ||
مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1402، صفحه 261-302 اصل مقاله (1 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2023.43912.4728 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
معصومه زمانیان* 1؛ زهرا وطنی2 | ||
1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه فقه و حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات الزهراء، تهران، ایران دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حقوق | ||
2استادیار گروه فقه و حقوق پژوهشکده امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
دستکاری در آبوهوا از علوم نوبنیادی است که بسیاری از دولتها مدتهاست از آن در راستای اهداف خویش بهره میجویند؛ اما این اقدامها و عواقب آن، که غالباً کشورهای غیر از کشور عامل را نیز متأثر میسازد، تحت هیچ قانون ملی و فراملی قرار نگرفته و مسئولیتی متوجه عاملین نیست. این تحقیق با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و تطبیقی در پی پاسخ به این سؤال است که با چه سازوکاری میتوان معاهدهای بینالمللی در خصوص الزامهای مهندسی زمین و مسئولیت ناشی از آن تنظیم کرد؟ مدعای این مقاله این است شاخصههای چهار سند بینالمللی کنوانسیون انمود، موافقتنامه تریپس و پروتکل مونترال و قانون ملی سیاست محیطزیست آمریکا (نپا) و مسئولیت اعمال منعنشده، میتواند الگو و ساختاری برای معاهده پیشنهادی تلقی شود. یافتههای این مقاله نشان میدهد ترکیب سه مشخصه «الزام دولتها به ارائه ارزیابی زیستمحیطی طرحهایشان در قانون نپا، تعیین راهکارهای حل اختلاف در موافقتنامه تریپس و ویژگی اصل احتیاط و رویکرد پیشگیرانه و نیز صندوق چندجانبه در پروتکل مونترال» در چارچوب کلی متخذه از کنوانسیون انمود به انضمام اجتناب از مشکلات آن در مسئول دانستن دولتهای عامل میتواند معاهدهای نسبتاً جامع در خصوص مهندسی زمین و مسئولیت عواقب ناشی از آن در اختیار جامعهی بینالملل قرار دهد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مهندسی زمین؛ رویه عدم انطباق؛ پروتکل مونترال؛ قانون نپا؛ کنوانسیون انمود؛ موافقتنامه تریپس؛ مسئولیت اعمال منع نشده؛ بارورسازی ابرها | ||
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