تحلیلی بر مفهوم حقوقی «منابع ژنتیک» در پرتو اسناد بین المللی و حقوق ایران | ||
مطالعات حقوقی | ||
دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1402، صفحه 483-526 اصل مقاله (969.71 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2023.45005.4832 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسن اسکندریان1؛ مریم آقایی بجستانی* 2؛ محمد روحانی مقدم2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی سمنان، ایران | ||
2دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی سمنان، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
مفهوم حقوقی «منابع ژنتیک» علیرغم اینکه محور حوزههای مختلف ژنتیک ازجمله «بهرهبرداری از منابع ژنتیک»، «منافع حاصل از منابع ژنتیک و مشتقات آنها»، «نظامهای حقوقی دسترسی و تسهیم منافع منابع ژنتیک» و «تعهدات طرفین» قرار گرفته، همچنان مبهم و محل نزاع است. معیار واحدهای عملکردی وراثت در تعریف منابع ژنتیک با تصویب ناگویا در 2010 و لازمالاجرا شدن آن در 2014، کمرنگ و عملاً ناگویا قلمرو موضوعی منابع ژنتیک را گسترش داد؛ اما مقنن در نظام داخلی با گرتهبرداری ناقص از تعاریف مندرج در اسناد بینالمللی (و به نظر، کنوانسیون تنوع زیستی) و وفاداری به همان معیار قدیمی سال 1992، نهتنها بر ابهامهای موجود افزود، بلکه باب تعارض در تعریف و معیارهای شناخت منابع ژنتیک با مصادیق آن را باز کرد و از حجم عظیمی از منابع ژنتیک غفلت کرد. مقاله با روش توصیفی، تحلیلی- مقایسهای و با تحلیل حقوقی مفهوم منابع ژنتیک در اسناد بینالمللی و حقوق داخلی سعی در کاستن این ابهامات و رفع تعارض معیارهای تعریف منابع ژنتیک با مصادیق آن دارد. یافتهها نشان میدهد باید از خطای مقنن در تعریف ناقص منابع ژنتیک درگذشت و به سایر موادی که در حقوق داخلی روزنههای ضعیفی از گسترش قلمرو موضوعی منابع ژنتیک را در خود دارد، متوسل شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پروتکل ناگویا؛ تسهیم منافع؛ کنوانسیون تنوع زیستی؛ منابع ژنتیک؛ مواد ژنتیک | ||
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