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“Beyond the Means of the Author:” Hafiz in Emerson’s “Fate” | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 13، فروردین 2019، صفحه 17-29 اصل مقاله (296.29 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2020.34579.1107 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Masoud Farahmandfar1؛ Roshanak Akrami* 2 | ||
| 1Allameh Tabataba'i University | ||
| 2Independent | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This article is an attempt to show the generative interpretative nature of translation. It examines a few lines of Persian poetry translated and quoted by Ralph Waldo Emerson in his controversial essay, “Fate,” and through a genetic reading of their Persian and German avant-texts shows how the concepts the translations convey were created in the process of translation and through certain “interpretants” that the German translator, Joseph Von Hammer Purgstall, and then Emerson applied to the originals. Benefiting from Jacques Derrida’s view of translation, Walter Benjamin’s notion of “after-life,” and Lawrence Venuti’s hermeneutic model of translation, this paper demonstrates how even a foreignizing translation, which is concerned about equivalence, is subject to the translator’s interpretation. Here, the translations come into being through the collaboration of the translators and the original author. The original texts also live a different life in the determining venue they are presented. This study also raises questions about the issue of influence through translation. If translation is interpretative and generative then to what extent the translator is influenced by the original author. This issue is of significance, as many scholars have discussed the ways in which Emerson’s poetry and prose writings were affected by his Persian readings. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Ralph Waldo Emerson؛ the hermeneutic model of translation؛ Hafiz؛ Lawrence Venuti؛ Walter Benjamin؛ Jacques Derrida | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Akrami, Roshanak. “The Sense of a Half-translated Ode of Hafiz:” Emerson’s Translations of Persian Poetry. 2015. University of Texas at Dallas, PhD dissertation.
Bannet, Eve T. “The Scene of Translation: After Jakobson, Benjamin, de Man, and Derrida,” New Literary History 24: 3 (1993): 577-595.
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Danto, Arthur C. “Translation and Betrayal,” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 32 (Autumn 1997): 61-63.
Derrida, Jacques. “Des Tours de Babel.” Difference in Translation, edited by Joseph F. Graham. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985: 165-207.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Essays & Poems. New York: Library of America, 1983.
---. The Poetry Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Eds. Ralph H. Orth, Albert J. Von Frank, Linda Allardt, and David W. Hill. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1986. Print.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, Ralph H. Orth, and Susan Sutton Smith. The Topical Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. 3 vols. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1990.
Hammer Purgstall, Joseph Von, Trans. Der Diwan von Mohammed Schemsed-din Hafis. Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, 1812. 2 vols. Web.
Jahanpour, Farhang. “Emerson on Hafiz and Sa’di: The narrative of Love and Wine.” Sufism and American Literary Masters, edited by Mahdi Aminrazavi. Albany: State U of New York, 2014, 117-153.
Obeidat, Marwan M. “Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Moslem Orient.” Sufism and American Literary Masters, edited by Mahdi Aminrazavi. Albany: State U of New York, 2014: 75-91.
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Sudi, Ahmad. Sharh Sudi bar Hafiz. Motarjem Esmat Satarzadeh. 4 Jeld. Tehran: Negah, 1389.
Terrell, Peter. Collins German-English, English-German Dictionary: Unabridged. 2nd ed. Glasgow: HarperCollins; E. Klett Verlag, 1993. Print.
Venuti, Lawrence. Contra Instrumentalism: a Translation Polemic. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2019. | ||
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