| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 930 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,347 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 16,812,134 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 14,123,742 |
نگاهی انتقادی به پیش‌نویس مواد راجع به مسئولیت سازمانهای بین‌المللی | ||
| مطالعات حقوقی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 26، اسفند 1396، صفحه 1-29 اصل مقاله (6.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2018.23421.2205 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید الهویی نظری* 1؛ عقیل محمدی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تدوین طرح مسئولیت دولت‌ها برای اعمال متخلفانه بین‌المللی به عنوان یک نقطه‌ی عطفدر فعالیت کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل، این نهاد را ترغیب نمود تا با تدوین مقرراتی در زمینه مسئولیت سازمانهای بین‌المللی، کار خود را در خصوص مسئولیت بین‌المللی تکمیل نماید؛ اما حاصل کار کمیسیون پس از یک دهه، تدوین یک پیش‌نویس مواد بود که با انتقادات فراوانی روبرو گردید. در کنار انتقادات وارده به برخی مواد، عمده نگرانی‌ها در خصوص موفقیت این سند، ناشی از ایرادات کلی در عملکرد است که عدم توجه کافی به تفاوت‌های میان دولت و سازمان بین‌المللی از یک‌سو و تفاوت‌های میان خود سازمان‌ها در موضوع مسئولیت از سوی دیگر و همچنین فقدان رویه قضایی کافی در مورد سازمان‌ها از آن جمله‌اند. در این مقاله هدف این است که مبتنی بر یک روش توصیفی– تحلیلی، مهمترین ایرادات و انتقادات کلی و خاص وارده به پیش‌نویس مواد مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتیجه پایانی این مقاله این است که کمیسیون توسعه‌ی ناموزونی را در پیش گرفت که به نظر می‌رسد اجرای طرح را در آینده با دشواری‌هایی روبرو خواهد ساخت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| عمل متخلفانه بین‌المللی؛ رویه قضایی؛ مسئولیت بین‌المللی؛ کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل؛ سازمانهای بین‌المللی | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
الف. فارسی بیگ‌زاده، ابراهیم(1389)، حقوق سازمانهای بین‌المللی، تهران: مجد. حاتمی، مهدی(1391)، «بررسی جایگاه مسئولیت دولت عضو سازمان بین‌المللی در قبال عمل متخلفانه سازمان». فصلنامه حقوق، مجله حقوق دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دوره 42، ش 3، 141-127. زمانی، قاسم، (1388)، حقوق سازمانهای بین‌المللی، شخصیت، مسئولیت، مصونیت، تهران، مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی شهر دانش.
ب. انگلیسی Alvarez, José Enrique, (2007), “Reviewed Work: International Organizations and Their Exercise of Sovereign Powers by Dan Sarooshi”,The American Journal of International Law, Vol.101, No.3, pp.674-679.
Alvarez, José Enrique, (2006), “International Organisations: Accountability or Responsibility?, Luncheon Address”, Canadian Council of International Law, 35th Annual Conference on Responsibility of Individuals, States and Organizations,
Alvarez, José Enrique,, (2010), “Memo: ILC's Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (IOs)”, To: Advisory Committee, (Distributed as Public Document),
Ahlborn, Christiane, (2011), “The Rules of International Organizations and the Law of International Responsibility, Shares Research Project”, Amsterdam Center for International Law, Paper No. 2011-03.
Blokker, Niels M, (2011), “PreparingArticles on Responsibility of International Organizations: Does the International Law Commission take international organizations seriously? A mid-term revie”, in: Jan Klabbers and Asa Wallendahl (eds.), Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Cortes Martin & Jose Manuel, (2013), “The Responsibility of Members Due to Wrongful Acts of International Organizations”, Chinese Journal of International Law, Vol.12, No.4, pp.679-721.
Daugirdas, Kristina, (2015), “Reputation and the Responsibility of International Organizations”, The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, No.4, pp. 991–1018.
Decision as to the admissibility of Application no. 71412/01 by Agim BEHRAMI and Bekir BEHRAMI against France and Application no. 78166/01 by Ruzhdi SARAMATI against France, Germany and Norway. (2 May 2007).The European Court of Human Rights, Grand Chamber.
Eighth report on responsibility of international organizations, by Mr. Giorgio Gaja, Special Rapporteur (14 March 2011), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/640.
Fifth report on responsibility of international organizations, by Mr. Giorgio Gaja, Special Rapporteur (2 May 2007), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/583.
First report on responsibility of international organizations, by Mr. Giorgio Gaja, Special Rapporteur, (26 March 2003), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/532.
Gal-Or, Noemi & Cedric Ryngaert, (2012), “From Theory to Practice: Exploring the Relevance of the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (DARIO) - The Responsibility of the WTO and the UN”, German L aw Journal, Vol.13, No.5, pp.511-541.
Gaja, Giorgio, (2014), “Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations”, United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, pp.1-10. Availabe at: http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/ario/ario.html
General Assembly, (18 January 2002), UN Doc. A/RES/56/82
Hafner, Gerhard, (2011), “Is the Topic of Responsibility of International Organizations Ripe for Codification? Some Critical Remarks”, in: Ulrich Fastenrath et. al. (eds.), From Bilateralism to Community Interest: Essays in Honour of Judge Bruno Simma, England: Oxford University Press.
Holder, William E. (2003). “International Organizations: Accountability and Responsibility”, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), Vol. 97, pp. 231-236.
ILC, Report on the work of its fifty-fourth session (29 April - 7 June and 22 July - 16 August 2002).
International Law Commission (ILC) Report, (2011), Draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations, with commentaries, UN Doc. A/66/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, vol. II, Part Two.
Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt, Advisory Opinion, (1980), ICJ Rep, Separate Opinion of Judge Ago.
Klabbers, Jan and Asa Wallendahl, (2011), Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations, United Kingdom: Dward Elgar Publishing.
Moldner, Mirka, (2012), “Responsibility of International Organizations- Introducing The ILC DARIO”, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Vol.16, pp.281-328.
Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict, Advisory Opinion, (1996), ICJ Rep.
Responsibility of international organizations: Comments and observations received from international organizations, (25 June 2004), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/545.
------, (12 May 2005), Comments and observations received from Governments and international organizations, UN. Doc. A/CN.4/556.
------, (17 March and 12 May 2006), Comments and observations received from international organizations, UN. Doc. A/CN.4/568 and Add.1.
------, (31 March 2008), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/593.
------, (14 February 2011), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/637.
Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion, (1949), ICJ Rep.
Resolution of the IDI on the Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-fulfilment by International Organizations of the Obligations towards Third Parties, 1 September 1995, Session of Lisbon.
Roucounas, Emmanuel, (2013), “Practice as a Relevant Factor for the Responsibility of International Organizations”, in: Maurizio Ragazzi (ed.), Responsibility of International Organizations. Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Pp.159-176.
Pellet, Alain, (2013). “International organizations are Definitely not states. Cursory remarks on the ILC articles on the responsibility of International organizations”, in: Maurizio Ragazzi (ed.), Responsibility of International Organizations. Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Pp.41-45.
Schermers, Henry G & Niels M. Blokker, (2011), International Institutional Law: Unity within Diversity, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Schermers, Henry G, (1988), “Liability of international organizations”, Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp.3-14.
Second report on responsibility of international organizations, by Mr. Giorgio Gaja, Special Rapporteur (2 April 2004), UN. Doc, A/CN.4/541.
Stumer, Andrew, (2007), “Liability of Member States for Acts of International Organizations: Reconsidering the Policy Objections”, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 48, No.2, pp.553-580.
Thirdreport on responsibility of international organizations, by Mr. Giorgio Gaja, Special Rapporteur (13 May 2005), UN. Doc. A/CN.4/553.
Wouters, Jan and Jed Odermatt, (2012), “Are All International Organizations Created Equal? Reflections on the ILC’S Draft Articles of Responsibility of International Organizations”, Global Governance Opinions, Last Visited, 22 February 2017, Available at: https://ghum.kuleuven.be/ggs/publications/opinions/opinions13-wouters-odermatt.pdf
Wouters, Jan, E. Brems, S. Smis and P. Schmitt, (2010), Introductory Remarks, In: J. Wouters, E. Brems, S. Smis and P. Schmitt (eds.), Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations, Antwerp-Oxford, Intersentia.
Wilde, Ralph, (2006), “Enhancing Accountability at the International Level: The Tension between International Organization and the Underlying Issues at Stake”, ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 12, pp.396-415.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 4,620 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3,114 |
||