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Representing Love in Late Qajar Poetry: The Crisis of the Object, Relationship, and Language | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 20 آبان 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2026.57106.1142 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Sajad Iranpour* | ||
| Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study examines late Qajar poetry as the historical site in which the inherited representational order of love underwent a profound structural crisis. Drawing on travelogues, intellectual treatises, and poems, the article argues that what occurred in this period was less the construction of a new language for love than a structural “moment of weakening” within the inherited representational order. This normative instability emerged through the gradual internalization of a Western horizon of judgment and unfolded across three interrelated levels. At the level of the love object, the traditional male beloved was expelled from the circle of lyrical legitimacy under the pressure of the “natural/unnatural” binary, while woman simultaneously emerged as the sole desirable beloved. At the level of the relationship, this displacement challenged the asymmetrical, denial-based model and brought concepts such as prior acquaintance, mutual inclination, and fidelity to the fore, giving rise to the new horizon of the “wife-beloved.” At the level of language, the inherited metaphorical network, built for a trans-gendered and unattainable beloved, proved incapable of carrying the new signifieds. Poetic attempts to escape this impasse did not produce a coherent new language but collectively functioned as mechanisms of weakening that eroded the authority of the inherited semiotic order from within. The article concludes that the late Qajar period constitutes a fertile threshold in Persian literary history, where literary innovation begins not with the invention of new forms but with the prior weakening of the inherited semiotic order that makes those forms historically possible. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Late Qajar poetry؛ Persian love poetry؛ gender and sexuality؛ marriage and love | ||
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