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Legal Attributes and Distinctions of Commercial Guarantees in Law and Islamic Jurisprudence | ||
| مطالعات حقوقی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 16 آبان 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالات انگلیسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2026.56245.5530 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمد حسین وکیلی مقدم* | ||
| استادیار - گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات و حقوق، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Commercial guarantees play a significant role in establishing credit and securing the performance of obligations in commercial relationships. This study, adopting an analytical approach, examines the legal distinctions of commercial guarantees under Iranian law and their relationship with the foundations of jurisprudence. It addresses the extent to which deviations from the general rules governing security for debts arise from the particular requirements of commercial relationships and can be justified within legal and jurisprudential principles. The study examines personal and real guarantees, with particular attention to bank guarantees, commercial suretyship, and commercial pledges. The analysis demonstrates that the independence of bank guarantees from the underlying relationship, although distinct from the traditional accessory nature of suretyship, does not necessarily place them outside the concept of guarantee. Rather, it may be explained by distinguishing between rules arising from the essence of suretyship and effects arising from its unrestricted nature or contractual terms. A comparison between commercial and civil suretyship, particularly under Articles 402–411 of the Commercial Code and Article 698 of the Civil Code, likewise demonstrates the recognition of distinct effects for commercial debts. In certain legal systems, commercial pledges are also subject to rules adapted to commercial transactions, including broader collateral and priority arrangements. The findings indicate that Iranian law recognizes some of these distinctions through scattered provisions but lacks a coherent framework for commercial guarantees. Targeted development of these rules in accordance with the foundations and requirements of commercial law can enhance legal certainty and the efficiency of commercial relationships | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Commercial Guarantee؛ Commercial Pledge؛ Commercial Debt؛ Commercial Transactions؛ Debt Security؛ Securing Commercial Debt | ||
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