| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 935 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,393 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 17,058,137 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 14,405,002 |
Mixed infection of Microsporum, Candida, and Malassezia spp. in a Persian cat: A unique case in Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| دوره 27، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 95، 2026، صفحه 187-194 اصل مقاله (418.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Scientific report | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijvr.2026.51949.7739 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| S. K. Prajapati1؛ S. S. Nair1؛ V. K. Sarkar2؛ A. Vijayakumar1؛ P. Yadav3؛ L. Reddy1؛ M. M. Sathpathy4؛ S. Pal3؛ A. Kumar2؛ B. Kumar4؛ P. Thomas1؛ P. Dandapat1؛ - Abhishek* 1 | ||
| 1Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| 2Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| 3Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Microbiology, Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| 4Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Background: Ringworm is one of the most prevalent superficial fungal infections in felines. The natural commensal skin flora in felines includes yeasts and yeast-like fungi, such as Malassezia and Candida. Mixed fungal infections in cats are uncommon and pose a diagnostic challenge because of overlapping clinical presentations. A breach in the cutaneous barrier associated with dermatophytosis may trigger a flare-up of Malassezia and Candida species, resulting in a mixed infection. Case description: A 2.5-year-old female Persian cat was presented with circular patches of alopecia across the head and ears, coated with thick, crusty lamellar scales. The animal showed no other clinical signs of illness. Findings/treatment and outcome: The clinical sample, including hair and skin scrapings, was cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Microsporum canis, Candida albicans, and Malassezia spp. could be identified from the culture plate using phenotypic and molecular assays. The isolates were further subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. Based on the disc diffusion assay, miconazole showed the largest zone of inhibition against M. canis and Malassezia spp., and the second largest against Candida albicans. In addition, in the broth microdilution assay, terbinafine had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against M. canis among the azole drugs. Conclusion: This case highlights the significance of mixed fungal infections in cats with persistent dermatological conditions and underscores the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches in veterinary practice. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Antifungals؛ Candida؛ Felines؛ Malassezia؛ Microsporum canis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aneke, CI; Rhimi, W; Otranto, D and Cafarchia, C (2020). Comparative evaluation of E-test and CLSI methods for itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole susceptibilities of Microsporum canis strains. Mycopathologia. 185: 495-502.
Bagra, JK; Nair, SS; Athira, V; Kumar, MS; Kumar, M; Thomas, P and Dandapat, P (2024). In vitro virulotyping, antifungal susceptibility testing and DNA fingerprinting of Microsporum canis strains of canine and feline origin. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 104: 102100.
Begum, J and Kumar, R (2021). Prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals and antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated Trichophyton and Microsporum species. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 53: 3.
Bond, R; Pocknell, AM and Toze, CE (2001). Pseudomycetoma caused by Microsporum canis in a Persian cat: lack of response to oral terbinafine. J. Small Anim. Pract., 42: 557-560.
Brathwaite, EHA; Kumar, K; Dolphin-Bond, G; Sylvester, W; Amadi, V and Alhassan, A (2025). Fungal pathogens in pet dogs and cats in Grenada: Identification and antifungal susceptibility. J. Fungi. 11: 590.
Brillowska-Dabrowska, A; Michałek, E; Saunte, DML; Søgaard Nielsen, S and Arendrup, MC (2013). PCR test for Microsporum canis identification. Med. Mycol., 51: 576-579.
Brouta, F; Descamps, F; Monod, M; Vermout, S; Losson, B and Mignon, B (2002). Secreted metalloprotease gene family of Microsporum canis. Infect. Immun., 70: 5676-5683.
Buil, JB; Meijer, EF; Denning, DW; Verweij, PE and Meis, JF (2020). Burden of serious fungal infections in the Netherlands. Mycoses. 63: 625-631.
Cafarchia, C; Gallo, S; Capelli, G and Otranto, D (2005). Occurrence and population size of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of dogs and cats both healthy and with otitis. Mycopathologia. 160: 143-149.
Cafarchia, C; Romito, D; Capelli, G; Guillot, J and Otranto, D (2006). Isolation of Microsporum canis from the hair coat of pet dogs and cats belonging to owners diagnosed with M. canis tinea corporis. Vet. Dermatol., 17: 327-331.
Capoor, MR; Sharma, S; Goenka, S; Das, S; Rudramurthy, SM and Khunger, N (2024). Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis: A case study of three family members in India, a non-endemic region. Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 50: 100621.
Chermette, R; Ferreiro, L and Guillot, J (2008). Dermatophytoses in animals. Mycopathologia. 166: 385-405.
Chupia, V; Ninsuwon, J; Piyarungsri, K; Sodarat, C; Prachasilchai, W; Suriyasathaporn, W and Pikulkaew, S (2022). Prevalence of Microsporum canis from pet cats in small animal hospitals, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Vet. Sci., 9: 21.
CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) (2004). Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Guideline. CLSI document M44-A. 1st Edn., Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. PP: 1-23.
CLSI (2017). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. (3rd Edn.), Document M38-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA. 28: 1-35.
Crespo, MJ; Abarca, ML and Cabañes, FJ (2002). Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Med. Mycol., 40: 115-121.
Deng, R; Wang, X and Li, R (2023). Dermatophyte infection: from fungal pathogenicity to host immune responses. Front. Immunol., 14: 1285887.
de Oliveira Nobre, M; Mueller, EN; Tillmann, MT; da Silva Rosa, C; Guim, TN; Vives, P and Meireles, MCA (2010). Disease progression of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat. Iberoam. J. Mycol., 27: 98-100.
Dubljanin, E; Zunic, J; Vujcic, I; Colovic Calovski, I; Sipetic Grujicic, S; Mijatovic, S and Dzamic, A (2024). Host-pathogen interaction and resistance mechanisms in dermatophytes. Pathogens. 13: 657.
Duchaussoy, AC; Rose, A; Talbot, JJ and Barrs, VR (2015). Gastrointestinal granuloma due to Candida albicans in an immunocompetent cat. Med. Mycol. Case Rep., 10: 14-17.
Elewski, BE; Hughey, LC; Marchiony Hunt, K and Hay, R (2018). Fungal diseases. In: Bolognia, JL; Schaffer, JV and Cerroni, L (Eds.), Dermatology. (4th Edn., Vol. 2), Philadelphia, United States, Elsevier. PP: 1329-1363.
Esteban, A; Abarca, ML and Cabañes, FJ (2005). Comparison of disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. Med. Mycol., 43: 61-66.
Fulton, RB and Walker RD (1992). Candida albicans urocystitis in a cat. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 200: 524-526.
Gawaz, A and Weisel, G (2018). Mixed infections are a critical factor in the treatment of superficial mycoses. Mycoses. 61: 731-735.
Gnat, S; Łagowski, D and Nowakiewicz, A (2020). Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections. J. Appl. Microbiol., 129: 212-232.
Gnat, S; Łagowski, D; Nowakiewicz, A and Dyląg, M (2021). A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses. J. Appl. Microbiol., 131: 2095-2113.
Gnat, S; Nowakiewicz, A; Łagowski, D and Zięba, P (2019). Host-and pathogen-dependent susceptibility and predisposition to dermatophytosis. J. Med. Microbiol., 68: 823-836.
Haggag, YN; Samaha, HA; Nossair, MA and Mohammad, AERM (2017). Prevalence of dermatophytosis in some animals and human in Behera Province, Egypt. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 53: 64-71.
Hernando, E; Vila, A; D'Ippolito, P; Rico, AJ; Rodon, J and Roura, X (2021). Prevalence and characterization of urinary tract infection in owned dogs and cats from Spain. Top. Companion Anim. Med., 43: 100512.
Hljjfte, MFV; Curtis, CF and White, RN (1997). Resolution of exfoliative dermatitis and Malassezia pachydermatis overgrowth in a cat after surgical thymoma resection. J. Small Anim. Pract., 38: 451-454.
Hobi, S; Bęczkowski, PM; Mueller, R; Tse, M and Barrs, VR (2024). Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats. Vet. J., 304: 106084.
Hsieh, BY; Chao, WH; Xue, YJ and Lai, JM (2018). A ketoconazole susceptibility test for Malassezia pachydermatis using modified Leeming-Notman agar. J. Fungi. 4: 126.
Hubka, V; Peano, A; Cmokova, A and Guillot, J (2018). Common and emerging dermatophytoses in animals: well-known and new threats. In: Seyedmousavi, S; de Hoog, GS; Guillot, J and Verweij, PE (Eds.), Emerging and epizootic fungal infections in animals. (1st Edn.), Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing. PP: 31-79.
Hung, YT; Huang, YH and Sun, PL (2022). Tinea incognito with intrafamilial outbreak caused by Microsporum canis. J. Pediatr., 244: 242-243.
Jarjees, KI and Issa, NA (2022). First study on molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in cats, dogs, and their companions in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Vet. World. 15: 2971-2978.
Jartarkar, SR; Patil, A; Goldust, Y; Cockerell, CJ; Schwartz, RA; Grabbe, S and Goldust, M (2021). Pathogenesis, immunology and management of dermatophytosis. J. Fungi. 8: 39.
Juntachai, W; Oura, T; Murayama, SY and Kajiwara, S (2009). The lipolytic enzymes activities of Malassezia species. Med. Mycol., 47: 477-484.
Khadka, S; Sherchand, JB; Pokhrel, BM; Dhital, S; Manjhi, R and Rijal, B (2017). Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes by agar based disk diffusion assay in tertiary care hospital, Nepal. Microbiol. Res. J. Int., 19: 1-5.
Kustimur, S; Kalkanci, A; Mansuroglu, H and Senel, K (2003). Evaluation of the disc diffusion method with a comparison study for fluconazole susceptibility of Candida strains. Chin. Med. J., 116: 633-636.
Lamm, CG; Grune, SC; Estrada, MM; McIlwain, MB and Leutenegger, CM (2013). Granulomatous rhinitis due to Candida parapsilosis in a cat. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., 25: 596-598.
Lavari, A; Eidi, S and Soltani, M (2022). Molecular diagnosis of dermatophyte isolates from canine and feline dermatophytosis in Northeast Iran. Vet. Med. Sci., 8: 492-497.
Li, D; Fan, S; Zhao, H; Song, J; Guo, L; Li, W and Li, Q (2025). Worldwide trends and future projections of fungal skin disease burden: a comprehensive analysis from the global burden of diseases study 2021. Front. Public Health. 13: 1580221.
Mancianti, F; Giannelli, C; Bendinelli, M and Poli, A (1992). Mycological findings in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. J. Med. Vet. Mycol., 30: 257-259.
Mannarelli, BM and Kurtzman, CP (1998). Rapid identification of Candida albicans and other human pathogenic yeasts by using short oligonucleotides in a PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 36: 1634-1641.
Monod, M (2008). Secreted proteases from dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 166: 285-294.
Moriello, KA; Coyner, K; Paterson, S and Mignon, B (2017). Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet. Dermatol., 28: 266-268.
Moriello, KA and DeBoer, DJ (1995). Feline dermatophytosis. Recent advances and recommendations for therapy. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract., 25: 901-921.
Mponda, P; Cheng, KY; Brunel, L; Podadera, JM and Boland, LA (2025). Fungal pyelonephritis (Candida tropicalis) in a cat successfully treated with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass device and topical and systemic antifungals. J. Feline Med. Surg. Open Rep., 11: 20551169251387480.
Myers, AN; Lawhon, SD; Diesel, AB; Bradley, CW; Rodrigues Hoffmann, A; Murphy, WJ and 99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium (2022). An ancient haplotype containing antimicrobial peptide gene variants is associated with severe fungal skin disease in Persian cats. PLoS Genet., 18: e1010062.
Nardoni, S; Mancianti, F; Rum, A and Corazza, M (2005). Isolation of Malassezia species from healthy cats and cats with otitis. J. Feline Med. Surg., 7: 141-145.
Nweze, EI; Mukherjee, PK and Ghannoum, MA (2010). Agar-based disk diffusion assay for susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. J. Clin. Microbiol., 48: 3750-3752.
O’Neill, DG; Romans, C; Brodbelt, DC; Church, DB; Černá, P and Gunn-Moore, DA (2019). Persian cats under first opinion veterinary care in the UK: demography, mortality, and disorders. Sci. Rep., 9: 12952.
Ordeix, L; Galeotti, F; Scarampella, F; Dedola, C; Bardagí, M; Romano, E and Fondati, A (2007). Malassezia spp. overgrowth in allergic cats. Vet. Dermatol., 18: 316-323.
Pasquetti, M; Chiavassa, E; Tizzani, P; Danesi, P and Peano, A (2015). Agar diffusion procedures for susceptibility testing of Malassezia pachydermatis: Evaluation of Mueller-Hinton agar plus 2% glucose and 0.5 µg/ml methylene blue as the test medium. Mycopathologia, 180: 153-158.
Pin, D (2017). Non-dermatophyte dermatoses mimicking dermatophytoses in animals. Mycopathologia. 182: 113- 126. Piorunek, M; Kubisiak-Rzepczyk, H; Dańczak-Pazdrowska, A; Trafas, T and Walkowiak, J (2024). Superficial zoonotic mycoses in humans associated with cats. J. Fungi. 10: 244.
Pressler, BM; Vaden, SL; Lane, IF; Cowgill, LD and Dye, JA (2003). Candida spp. urinary tract infections in 13 dogs and seven cats: predisposing factors, treatment, and outcome. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 39: 263-270.
Shama, SK and Kirkpatrick, CH (1980). Dermatophytosis in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2: 285-294.
Shi, L; Li, J; Liu, W and Shi, D (2024). Coexistence of Malassezia species and Microsporum canis in the lesions of adult with Tinea capitis. Infection and Drug Resistance. 17: 2431-2438.
Shokri, H; Khosravi, A; Rad, M and Jamshidi, S (2010). Occurrence of Malassezia species in Persian and domestic short hair cats with and without otitis externa. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 72: 293-296.
Silvestre, GS; Gütschow, MERP; Meira, J; de Souza Custódio, C; Motheo, TF and Pereira, ML (2021). Prevalence of dermatopathies in dogs and cats in the highland of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Acta Vet. Bras., 15: 220-224.
Soares, FO; Rosado, IR; Sousa, MV; Dumont, CF; Bittar, JF; Martin, I and Alves, EG (2024). Osteomyelitis by Microsporum canis and Staphylococcus spp. in cat (Felis catus)–case report. BMC Vet. Res., 20: 58.
Urban, K; Chu, S; Scheufele, C; Giesey, RL; Mehrmal, S; Uppal, P and Delost, GR (2021). The global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 195 countries and territories: A cross-sectional analysis from the global burden of disease study 2017. JAAD Int., 2: 22-27.
Xia, X (2022). Family outbreak of Microsporum canis infection. QJM: Int. J. Med., 115: 679-680.
Yang, Z; Chen, W; Wan, Z; Song, Y and Li, R (2021). Tinea Capitis by Microsporum canis in an elderly female with extensive dermatophyte infection. Mycopathologia. 186: 299-305. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 87 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 75 |
||