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From Voluntary Commitment to Global Obligation: Rethinking the Transfer of Renewable Energy Technologies through the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion and Energy Justice | ||
| مطالعات حقوقی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 11 مهر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالات انگلیسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jls.2026.56100.5525 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه سادات فرخ زادیان1؛ علی رضایی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق تجارت بین الملل دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2عضو گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Since the Industrial Revolution, human interaction with production and industry—through heavy reliance on fossil fuels—has led to increased greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and the intensification of climate change. In response, the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies have emerged as a central tool for mitigation and adaptation. Consequently, the transfer of these technologies to countries in need has gained a special place in international instruments and discourse. However, intellectual property constraints, institutional limitations, low absorption capacity in recipient countries, the voluntary nature of existing obligations, and the lack of a coherent theoretical framework have rendered technology transfer precarious in practice and have, at times, turned it into a pretext for technology holders in the Global North. This research, adopting an analytical-interpretive method and relying on the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion (responding to the UN General Assembly’s request), which characterizes states’ environmental obligations with respect to climate change as erga omnes obligations, raises the following question: In light of the principle of climate justice, what legal character does the transfer of renewable energy technologies assume—a merely voluntary commitment or an enforceable obligation? The findings indicate that although technology transfer is not explicitly designated as erga omnes, it is capable of normative reconstruction as an instance of the “duty of international cooperation” and by drawing on the human rights reading embedded in the Opinion. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "؛ Technology Transfer"؛ Renewable Energy"؛ Erga Omnes"؛ , "؛ Energy Justice"؛ ,"؛ ICJ" | ||
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