| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 877 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,863 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 14,651,244 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,484,633 |
Effect of foliar application of urea and 6-benzylaminopurine on grain yield and grain nutrient content of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Saji) under rainfed conditions | ||
| Iran Agricultural Research | ||
| دوره 44، شماره 2، 2025، صفحه 110-118 اصل مقاله (393.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Full Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/iar.2025.52656.1678 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hossein Alihoseini؛ Mohammad Javad Zarea* | ||
| Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, I. R. Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The benefits of foliar nitrogen feeding and exogenous cytokinin application on wheat performance, particularly their effects on grain yield and grain nutrient content, are of considerable importance. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of foliar urea and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) application on grain nutrient composition and yield in the ‘Saji’ wheat cultivar during the 2021–2022 growing season in Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. The experiment followed a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Urea was foliar-applied at four concentrations (0%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, w/v), while 6-BAP was applied at two levels (0 and 100 mg L–1). Foliar spraying was performed at the late flowering stage. Results indicated that the highest number of grains per spike (37.2) was obtained with the 3% (w/v) urea treatment, while a higher concentration (4%, w/v) negatively affected this trait. The greatest total grain weight per spike (1.77 g) and 1000-grain weight (47.8 g) were achieved with 3% (w/v) urea combined with exogenous 6-BAP application. The maximum grain yield (2180 kg ha–1) was also recorded under this treatment. Additionally, the highest grain nitrogen (1.5%) and Zn (46.2 mg kg–1) contents were observed with 3% urea application. These findings suggest that the foliar application of urea at lower concentrations, in combination with 6-BAP, represents an effective approach for enhancing grain yield and quality in durum wheat. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| 6-Bezylaminopurine؛ Foliar application؛ Grain yield؛ Grain Zn content؛ Urea | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alam, H., Khattak, J. Z., Ksiksi, T. S., Saleem, M. H., Fahad, S., Sohail, H., Ali, Q., Zamin, M., El-Esawi, M. A., Saud, S., Jiang, X., Alwahibi, M.S., & Alkahtani, J. (2020). Negative impact of long-term exposure of salinity and drought stress on native Tetraena mandavillei L. Physiologia Plantarum. 172(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13273
Aschan, G., & Pfanz, H. (2003). Non-foliar photosynthesis: a strategy of additional carbon acquisition. Flora, 198(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1078/0367-2530-00080
Arabi, M. I. E., MirAli, N., & Jawhar, M. (2002). Effect of foliar and soil potassium fertilization on wheat yield and severity of Septoria tritici Blotch. Australasian Plant Pathology, 31(4), 359-362. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP02040
Buezo, J., Esteban, R., Cornejo, A., López-Gómez, P., Marino, D., Chamizo-Ampudia, A., Gil, M. J., Martínez-Merino, V., & Moran, J. F. (2019). IAOx induces the SUR phenotype and differential signalling from IAA under different types of nitrogen nutrition in Medicago truncatula roots. Plant Science, 287, 110176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110176
Bingham, I. J., & Garzon, D. C. (2023). Relative contribution of soil N availability and grain sink demand to the control of post-anthesis N uptake by field-grown spring barley. Field Crops Research, 292, 108829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108829
Buchanan-Wollaston, V., Earl, S., Harrison, E. P., Mathas, E., Navabpour, S., Page, T., & Pink, D. A. (2002). The molecular analysis of leaf senescence-a genomics approach. Plant biotechnology Journal, 11(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00004.x
Borghi, B., Corbellini, M., Cattaneo, M., Fornasari, M. E., & Zucchelli, L. (1986). Modification of the sink/source relationships in bread wheat and its influence on grain yield and grain protein content. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 157(1), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439037x.1986.tb0007x
Chu, G., Wang, Z. Q., Zhang, H., Liu, L. J., Yang, J. C., & Zhang, J. H. (2015). Alternate wetting and moderate drying increases rice yield and reduces methane emission in paddy field with wheat straw residue incorporation. Food Energy Security, 4(3), 238-254. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.66
Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E., & Alvino, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25(2), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005017
Faridnia, A., Paknejad, F., Sadeghi Shoa, M., Ilkaee, M. N., & Aghayari, F. (2024). Effect of nano micronutrients and cytokinin on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different irrigation conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 48(11), 1260-1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2432501
Guo, J., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Hu, X., Ye, X., Li, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake in wheat are affected by differences in nitrogen levels and forms and potassium supply. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1248. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37838-3
Hamani, A. K., Abubakar, S. A., Si, Z., Kama, R., Gao, Y., & Duan, A. (2023). Suitable split nitrogen application increases grain yield and photosynthetic capacity in drip-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different water regimes in the North China Plain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1105006. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1105006
Kriedemann, P. (1966). The photosynthetic activity of the wheat ear. Annals of Botany, 30(3), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084081
Kichey, T., Hirel, B., Heumez, E., Dubois, F., & Gouis, J. L. (2007). In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and remobilisation to the grain correlates with agronomic traits and nitrogen physiological markers. Field Crops Research, 102(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.01.002
Kong, L., Xie, Y., Hu, L., Feng, B., & Li, S. (2016). Remobilization of vegetative nitrogen to developing grain in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Feild Crops Research, 196(1), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.015
Koprna, R., de Diego, N., Dundálková, L., & Spíchal, L. (2016). Use of cytokinins as agrochemicals. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 24(3), 484-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.022
Jackson M. L. (1969). Soil chemical analysis-advanced course. Madison: Prentice Hall Inc.
Li, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., & Zhang, S. (2017). Improving water-use efficiency by decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher ear photosynthetic rate in drought-resistant wheat. The Crop Journal, 5(3), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2017.01.001
Liu, Y., Liao, Y., & Liu, W. (2021). High nitrogen application rate and planting density reduce wheat grain yield by reducing filling rate of inferior grain in middle spikelets. The Crop Journal, 9 (2), 412-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.06.013
Luo, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, W., Yonglan, C., Pang, D., Xu, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Z. (2018). Interactions between cytokinin and nitrogen contribute to grain mass in wheat cultivars by regulating the flag leaf senescence process. The Crop Journal, 6(5), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2018.05.008
Lv, X., Ding, Y., Long, M., Liang, W., Gu, X., Liu, Y., & Wen, X. (2021). Effect of foliar application of various nitrogen forms on starch accumulation and grain filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 645379. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.645379
Lyu, X., Liu, Y., Li, N., Ku, L., Hou, Y., & Wen, X. (2021). Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization. The Crop Journal, 10(4), 1165-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2021.10.009
Martre, P., Jamieson, P. D., Semenov, M. A., Zyskowski, R. F., Porter, J. R., & Triboi, E. (2006). Modelling protein content and composition in relation to crop nitrogen dynamics for wheat. European Journal of Agronomy, 25(2), 138-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.04.007
Mohammadi, R., Aghaee Sarbarze, M., Haghparast, R., Armion, M., SadeghzadehAhari, D., & Roustaii, M. (2010). Saji, a new durum wheat cultivar adapted to rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions of moderate cold and moderate warm areas of Iran. Seed and Plant Journal, 26(4), 561-565. https://doi.org/10.22092/spij.2017.111043
Nagar, S., Ramakrishnan, B. S., Singh, B. J., Singh, B. J., Dhakar, B. R., Umesh, B. D., & Arora, A. K. (2015). Cytokinin enhanced biomass and yield in wheat by improving N-metabolism under water limited environment. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-014-0134-3
Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M. J., Khavazi, K., & Tahmasebi, Z. (2022). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on agronomic important traits in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Triticum turgidum var. durum) cultivars under dryland conditions. Journal of Agroecology, 14(1), 19-33 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v11i4.51317
Nazar, Z., Akram, N. A., Saleem, M. H., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, S., Ali, S., Abdullah Alsahli, A., & Alyemeni, M. N. (2020). Glycinebetaine-induced alteration in gaseous exchange capacity and osmoprotective phenomena in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water deficit conditions. Sustainability, 12(24), 10649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410649
Noor, H., Yan, Z., Sun, P., Zhang, L., Ding, P., Li, L., Ren, A., Sun, M., & Gao, Z. (2023). Effects of nitrogen on photosynthetic productivity and yield quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy, 13(6), 1448. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061448
Prasad, R. (2022). Cytokinin and its key role to enrich the plant nutrients and growth under adverse conditions-An update. Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 883924. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.883924
Ru, C., Hu, X., Wang, W., & Yan, H. (2024). Impact of nitrogen on photosynthesis, remobilization, yield, and efficiency in winter wheat under heat and drought stress. Agricultural Water Management, 302, 109013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109013
Saleem Kubar, M., Feng, M., Sayed, S. M., Hussain Shar, A., Ali Rind, N., Ullah, H., Ali Kalhoro, S., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yang, W., Ali Kalhoro, F., Gašparovič, K., Barboričová, M., Brestič, M., El Askary, A., & El-Sharnouby, M. E. (2021). Agronomical traits associated with yield and yield components of winter wheat as affected by nitrogen managements. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(9), 4852-4858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.027
Sarandón, S. J., & Gianibelli, M. C. (1992). Effect of foliar sprayings of urea during or after anthesis on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the grain of two wheat cultivars of T. aestivum L. Fertilizer Research, 31(1), 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064230
Taulemesse, F., Le Gouis, J., Gouache, D., Gibon, Y., & Allard, V. (2015). Post-flowering nitrate uptake in wheat is controlled by N status at flowering, with a putative major role of root nitrate transporter NRT2.1. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0120291. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120291
Uscola, M., Villar-Salvador, P., Oliet, J., & Warren, C. R. (2014). Foliar absorption and root translocation of nitrogen from different chemical forms in seedlings of two Mediterranean trees. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 104(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.03.004
Visioli, G., Bonas, U., Dal Cortivo, C., Pasini, G., Marmiroli, N., Mosca, G., & Vamerali, T. (2018). Variations in yield and gluten proteins in durum wheat varieties under late-season foliar versus soil application of nitrogen fertilizer in a northern Mediterranean environment. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(6), 2360-2369. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8727
Wang, Y., Peng, Y., Lin, J., Wang, L., Jia, Z., & Zhang, R. (2023). Optimal nitrogen management to achieve high wheat grain yield, grain protein content, and water productivity: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 290(2), 108587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108587
Wang, Z. M., Wei, A. L., & Zheng, D. M. (2001). Photosynthetic characteristics of non-leaf organs of winter wheat cultivars differing in ear type and their relationship with grain mass per ear. Photosynthetica, 39(2), 239-244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013743523029
Woolfolk, C. W., Raun, W. R., Johnson, G. V., Thomason, W. E., Mullen, R. W., Wynn, K. J., & Freeman, K. W. (2002). Influence of late-season foliar nitrogen applications on yield and grain nitrogen in winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 94(3), 429-434. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.4290
Wu, W., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Liu, M., & Xue, C. (2025). Enhancing wheat yield and quality through late-season foliar nitrogen application: A global meta-analysis. Agronomy. 15(5), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051058
Zadok, J. C., Chang, T. T., & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14(6), 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x
Zarea, M. J. (2023). Effect of foliar application of Zinc and exogenous application of proline on yield and grain Zn and P content in a wheat durum cultivar Saji under drought stress condition. Cereal Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2(3), 269-287. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22126/cbb.2024.9987.1061
Zarea, M. J. (2024). Foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense, salicylic acid and zinc on wheat Performance under rain-fed condition. Cereal Research Communications, 53(2), 1073-1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00570-y
Zarea, M. J. (2025a). Effect of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense and zinc sulfate on the grain-filling process of rainfed wheat. Iran Agricultural Research, 43(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22099/iar.2024.50169.1595
Zarea, M. J. (2025b). The regulatory roles of phytohormones in the wheat grain-filling process. Plant Growth Regulation, 44(6), 2609-2626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11587-2.
Zarea, M. J., & Karimi, N. (2023). Grain yield and quality of wheat are improved through post-flowering foliar application of zinc and 6-benzylaminopurine under water deficit condition. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1068649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1068649
Zhang, J., Yang, J., An, P., Ren, W., Pan, Z., Dong, Z., Han, G., Pan, Y., Pan, S., & Tian, H. (2017). Enhancing soil drought induced by climate change and agricultural practices: Observational and experimental evidence from the semiarid area of northern China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 243(1), 74-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.05.008
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, Y., & Yu, Z. (2020). Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation. Scientific Reports, 10, 20310. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75388-9
Zheng, C., Zhu, Y., Wang, C., & Guo, T. (2016). Wheat grain yield increase in response to pre-anthesis foliar application of 6-Benzylaminopurine is dependent on floret Development. PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0156627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156627 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 55 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 42 |
||