An Analysis of Macroeconomic Responses to Energy Price Reforms along Iran’s Decarbonization Path: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Modeling Approach

Arjmand, R., Hoyle, A., Rhodes, E., & McPherson, M. (2024). Exploring the impacts of carbon pricing on Canada’s electricity sector. Energies, 17(2), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020385.

2023. (2023). Statistical review of world energy 2023. URL: Https://Www. Bp. Com/Content/Dam/Bp/BusinessSites/En/Global/Corporate/Pdfs/Energyeconomics/Statistical-Review/Bp-Stats-Review-2021-Full-Report. Pdf.
2024. (2024). Statistical Review of World Energy 2024. Retrieved from www.bp.com/statisticalreview.

Böttger, D., & Hartel, P. (2022). On wholesale electricity prices and market values in a carbon-neutral energy system. Energy Economics, 106, 105709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105709

Burniaux, J., & Truong, T. P. (2002). GTAP-E: An energy-environmental version of the GTAP model (GTAP Technical Paper No. 16). Purdue University, Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP).https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=923.

Brockmeier, M. (2001). A graphical exposition of the GTAP model. GTAP

technical paper, No. 8.

Darandary, A., Mikayilov, J. I., & Soummane, S. (2024). Impacts of electricity price reform on Saudi regional fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Energy Economics, 131, 107400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107400.

Farhadi, M., Zare, M., & Mohammadi, H. (2022). Renewable energy development and macroeconomic performance in Iran: A CGE approach. Energy Policy, 161, 112728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112728

Gao, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, L., & Hao, Y. (2024). Economic effects of sustainable energy technology progress under carbon reduction targets: An analysis based on a dynamic multi-regional CGE model. Applied Energy, 363, 123071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123071

Gholami, M., Sadeghi, Z., Jalaee Esfandabadi, S. A. M., & Nejati, M. (2025). Economic and environmental effects of energy transition in Iran by 2050: A dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium model. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 12(2), 551–584. https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir

He, L., Li, X., Cui, Q., Guan, B., Li, M., & Chen, H. (2024). Decarbonization pathways to subregional carbon neutrality in China based on the top-down multi-regional CGE model: A study of Guangxi. Energy, 294, 130846.

Hertel, T.W. (ed.), Global Trade Analysis Project: Modeling and Applications.

Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Huntington, H., & Liddle, B. (2022). How energy prices shape OECD economic growth: Panel evidence from several decades. Energy Economics, 111, 106014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106014.

International Energy Agency (IEA). (2022). World Energy Outlook 2022. OECD/IEA. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022

IRENA. (2021). Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region 2021. International Renewable Energy Agency. Retrieved from https://www.irena.org

Jahangard, E., Faridzad, A., Mosavi, M. H., & Matin, S. (2023). Optimal Price of Natural Gas in Iran Energy Market: A Computable General Equilibrium Model. Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 10(3), 1–34. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/qjatoe/0314.html.

Jia, Z., & Lin, B. (2022). CEEEA2.0 model: A dynamic CGE model for energy-environment-economy analysis with available data and code. Energy Economics, 112, 106117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106117

Li, R., & Leung, G. C. K. (2021). The relationship between energy prices, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption: Evidence from Europe. Energy Reports, 7, 1712–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.03.030.

Liu, D., Liu, X., Guo, K., Ji, Q., & Chang, Y. (2023). Spillover Effects among Electricity Prices, Traditional Energy Prices and Carbon Market under Climate Risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021116.

Liu, Y., Zhu, N., Zhou, M., Wen, X., Yang, L., Li, X., & Zhang, J. (2025). An environmental CGE model of China’s economy: Modeling choices and application. Energy and Climate Management, 1(1), 9400002. https://doi.org/10.26599/ECM.2024.9400002

Mirzaei Khalilabad, H. R. (2016). Analyzing the Effects of Increasing in Price of Energy Carriers on Inflation of Agriculture Sector. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47(2), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijaedr.2016.59702

Morão, H. (2025). From carbon policy to consumer prices: The economic impact of carbon caps in the Euro Area. Energy Economics, 143, 108175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108175

Norani, A., Sharifi, M. R., & Rezaei, A. (2022). Survey the Effect of Types of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Welfare in Iran. Renewable Energy Journal, 9(3), 45–60. https://www.jrenew.ir/article_141395.html?lang=en

Qi, L., Lin, X., Shi, X., Zhang, Y., Pan, H., & Sharp, B. (2023). Feed-in tariffs and the carbon emission trading scheme under China's peak emission target: A dynamic CGE analysis for the development of renewable electricity. Journal of Environmental Management, 335, 117535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117535

Ramu, C., & Tourangbam, M. (2021). THE GEOPOLITICS OF HYDROCARBONS ACROSS THE PERSIAN GULF AND THE CASPIAN BASIN: A STUDY ON GEOPOLITICAL IMPERATIVES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS.

Ríos-Ocampo, J., Arango-Aramburo, S., & Larsen, E. (2021). Renewable energy penetration and energy security in electricity markets. Energy Research, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6357.

SATBA. (2023). Annual Report on Renewable Energy Statistics in Iran. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization (SATBA). Retrieved from https://www.satba.gov.ir

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2021). Climate Promise: Enhancing NDCs – Iran Country Report. UNDP. Retrieved from https://climatepromise.undp.org

Weiwei, X., Liang, Y., Teng, W., & Yuguo, G. (2020). Substitution effect of natural gas and the energy consumption structure transition in China. Elsevier