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Nutrient content, in-vitro digestibility, and starch and protein molecular appearance of intact and ammoniated steamed-flaked and/or steamed-infrared heated-flaked barley grain | ||
| Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| دوره 25، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 89، 2024، صفحه 376-387 اصل مقاله (604.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Full paper (Original article) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijvr.2024.49168.7210 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| A. Honarmand1؛ A. R. Vakili* 2؛ M. Danesh Mesgaran* 3؛ A. M. Tahmasebi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student in Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 22Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Background: The impact of different physical and/or chemical treatments in cereal grains on starch morphology and ruminal digestibility has been evaluated. Aims: The effect of chemical and/or physical treatments on starch and protein molecular appearance and the ex-vivo digestibility of barley grain was studied. Methods: Treatments were: steam-flaked barley grain (SFB), SFB treated with ammonium bicarbonate (A), urea (U), and malic acid (M) (SFBAUM), SFB treated with A, U, and lactic acid (L) (SFBAUL), steam-infrared heated-flaked barley grain (SIFB), SIFB treated with A, U, and M (SIFBAUM), and SIFB treated with A, U, and L (SIFBAUL). Chemicals including A, U, M, and L were used as 56, 8, 10, and 10 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Chemical composition and molecular morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In situ mobile bag technique and in vitro batch culture procedure were used to estimate ruminal and post-ruminal digestibility. Results: Crude protein (CP) and starch concentrations in SFBAUL were higher than the others (P<0.05). Starch granule morphology and protein structure were altered in the chemically treated samples. The potentially digestible fraction of DM was the highest in the SFBAUM (P<0.05). Ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch was improved in SFBAUL and SIFBAUL compared with other groups (P<0.05). The highest post-ruminal digestibility of starch and CP was observed in SIFBAUL and SIFB (P<0.05). Conclusion: Present results indicate that chemical processing with L and applied steam-infrared heated-flaked in barley grain may improve in vitro digestibility of starch and CP and increase granule sizes. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Barley؛ Digestibility؛ Protein؛ Starch؛ Steam flake | ||
| مراجع | ||
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