| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 874 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,803 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 14,218,033 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,164,678 |
Child Participation in Iran Labor Market, Individual and Environmental Determinants | ||
| Iranian Journal of Economic Studies | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، اسفند 2023، صفحه 407-429 اصل مقاله (623.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijes.2025.51492.1975 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Malihe Hadadmoghadam* 1؛ Pedram Davoudi2 | ||
| 1Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Judicial Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The phenomenon of child labor and street children is one of the pressing issues in most contemporary large cities around the world. The prevalence of this phenomenon has become so significant that it engages both developed and developing societies equally. Child labor refers to any form of employing children in activities that are mentally, physically, socially, or ethically hazardous and deprive them of their childhood and continuous participation in education. In this study, an attempt was made to present an overview of the situation of these children in Iran using available data related to child labor (microdata from the labor force survey conducted between the years 2016 to 2020 has been used). Subsequently, by applying logistic regression, the individual and household factors influencing child labor were examined. In the overall model, migration (both international and domestic), lack of education among household heads, and rural living were identified as the most significant environmental factors contributing to child labor participation. In urban areas, the most influential environmental factors affecting child participation, in order of importance, were migration (both international and domestic) and household head unemployment. In rural areas, the key environmental variables increasing child participation included the education level of the household head, migration, and household head unemployment. Analyzing urban and rural patterns separately, while avoiding aggregation errors from the overall model, underscores the high impact of economic factors on child labor. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Child Labor؛ Street Children؛ Household Economics؛ Logistic Regression | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afshani, A., Asgari Nodushan, A., Heidari, M., and Nourian Najafabadi, M. (2012). "An Analysis of the Situation of Street Children and Child Labor in the City of Isfahan," Applied Sociology, 23(4): 85-102. Ahmed, S. (2013). “Important determinants of child labor: A case study for Lahore”. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(1): 200-221 Baland, J. and J. Robinson. (2000). “Is child labor efficient?” Journal of Political Economy, 108(4):663–79. Basu, K. and Van, P. (1998) “The Economics of Child Labor” The American Economic Review, 88 (3): 412-427. Becchetti, L. and Trovato, G., (2005). "The Determinants of Child Labour: The Role of Primary Product Specialization," LABOUR, CEIS, 19(2): 237-271. Beegle, K., R. H. Dehejia, and R. Gatti. (2006). “Child Labour and Agricultural Shocks.” Journal of Development Economics, 81 (1): 80-96. Beegle, K., R. H. Dehejia, and R. Gatti. (2009). “Why Should We Care about Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor” The Journal of Human Resources, 44(4): 871-889. Bhalotra, S. (2007) Is child work necessary? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 69(1): 29–55. Binder, M., & Scrogin, D. (1999). Labor force participation and household work of urban schoolchildren in Mexico: Characteristics and consequences. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(1), 123-154. Cockburny, J., and Dostiez, B. (2004). “Child work and schooling: The role of household asset profiles and poverty in rural Ethiopia”. Journal of African Economies, 16(4):19-63. Duryea, S., D. Lam, and D. Levison. (2007). “Effects of Economic Shocks on Children’s Employment and Schooling.” Journal of Development Economics, 84 (1): 188-214. Edmonds, E. (2005). “Does Child Labor Decline with Improving Economic Status?” Journal of Human Resources, 40(1). Edmonds, E. (2008) “Child Labor.” in T. P. Schultz and J. Strauss, eds., Handbook of Development Economics. Volume 4, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, North-Holland. Edmonds, E. V., & Turk, C. (2002). Child labor in transition in Vietnam (Vol. 2774). World Bank Publications. Emerson, P. M., & Souza, A. P. (2002). Birth Order, Child Labor and School Attendance in Brazil. Fan, C. S. (2004). “Relative wage, child labor, and human capital”. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4): 687–700. Fan, M., Houston, M., & Anita, A. P. (2014).” Determinents of child labor in modern United State: Evidence from agricultural workers and their children and concerning for ongoing public policy.” Economics Bulletin, 34 (1): 287–306. Francavilla, F., & Giannelli, G. C. (2007). The relation between child labour and mothers' work: the case of India. Available at SSRN 1028212. International Labor Organization (ILO), Global Estimates of Child Labour: Results and trends, 2012-2016, 19 September 2017, https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/ilo/2017/en/120143 Getinet, H., and Beliyou, H. (2007). “Child labor and child schooling in rural Ethiopia: nature and trade-off. policy studies institute”, W1W 6UP. London. Gibbons, E.D., Huebler, F., Loaiza, E., (2005). “Child labor, education, and the principle of non-discrimination”. In: Alston, P., Robinson, M. (Eds.), Human Rights and Development: Towards Mutual Reinforcement. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 173–200. Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis. Pearson Education. Guarcello. L, Mealli F., and F. C Rosati (2010) “Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks, credit rationing, and insurance” Journal of Population Economics January 2010, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp 169-198. Haddad, L., & Hoddinott, J. (1994). Women's income and boy-girl anthropometric status in the Côte d'Ivoire. World Development, 22(4), 543-553. Hoddinott, J., & Haddad, L. (1995). Does female income share influence household expenditures? Evidence from Côte d'Ivoire. oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 57(1), 77-96. Hosseini, H. (2005). "The Status of Child Labor and Street Children in Iran," Social Welfare, 5(19): 155-174. Imani, N. and Nersesian, E. (2012). "An Anthropological Study of the Phenomenon of Street Child Labor in the City of Karaj," Social Issues in Iran, 3(1): 32-37. Keshavarz Haddad, Gh.; Nazarpoor, M. N.; Seifi Kafashgari, M. (2014). "Child Labor in Iranian Households," Economic Studies and Policies, Issue 25(26), pp. 49-74. Khanam, R. (2008). Child labour and school attendance: evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Economics. Kis-Katos, K., & Schulze, G. G. (2006). “Where child labor supply finds its demand”. University of Freiburg, Institute for Economic Research, working paper. Kruger, D., Berthelon, M., & Soares, R. (2007). Work and schooling: the role of household activities among girls in Brazil. Working Paper. Lancy, D.F., 2012. The chore curriculum. In: Spittler, G., Bourdillion, M. (Eds.), African Children at Work: Working and Learning in Growing Up for Life. Lit Verlag, Zu¨ rich, Switzerland. Latif, A., Ali, S., Awan, A., & Kataria, J. R. (2016). “Socio- economic and political determinants of child labor at brick kilns: A case study of district Jhang”. A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 31(1): 161–174. Levison, D. (1998). Household work as a deterrent to schooling: An analysis of adolescent girls in Peru. The Journal of Developing Areas, 32(3), 339-356. Levy, V. (1985). “Cropping pattern, mechanization, child labor, and fertility behavior in a farming economy: Rural Egypt”. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 33(4): 777–791. Manser, M., & Brown, M. (1980). Marriage and household decision-making: A bargaining analysis. International economic review, 31-44. manuscript, May. Marshall, A (1920), Principles of Political Economy, London: MacMillan, 8th Edition. Mood, C. (2010). Logistic regression. International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 892-895. Mudzongo, C., & Whitsel, H. (2013). “Determinants of child labor in malawi and Tanzania”. Journal of Community Positive Practices, XIII (3): 3–24. Patrinos, H. A., & Psacharopoulos, G. (1997). Family size, schooling and child labor in Peru–An empirical analysis. Journal of population economics, 10(4), 387-405. Ranjan, P. (2001) “Credit Constraints and the Phenomenon of Child Labor,” Journal of Development Economics, 64 (1): 81 – 102. Rickey, L. (2009). “The Determinants of Child Labor and Schooling in the Philippines”. Stanford University. Shafiq, M. N. (2007). Household schooling and child labor decisions in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Economics, 18(6), 946-966. Terefe, A., & Surajit, G. (2018). “Socio-Economic determinants of child labor explotitation:The case study of jimma town, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Economics & Finance Research & Applications, 2(1): 12–2 Vameghi, M. (2003). "Child Labor: Concepts and Approaches," Social Welfare, Issue 8(2), pp. 231-246. Webbink, E., Smits, J., and Jong, E. (2008). “Household and context determinants of child labor in 156 districts of 11 developing countries”. Nijmegen Center for Economics (NiCE), working paper, 08-114. Zargham Shah Abadi, A., Hajizadeh Meimandi, M., and Akbari Qourtani, S. (2009). "The Role of Dysfunctional Families in the Phenomenon of Child Labor (Case Study: Yazd Province)," Social Order, Issue: 3(1), pp. 29-52. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 320 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 201 |
||