| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 888 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,913 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 14,923,730 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,680,157 |
Mask and Face in Bahram Beyzai and Luigi Pirandello’s Theater | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 14، مرداد 2019، صفحه 45-71 اصل مقاله (370.23 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2022.38103.1118 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hossein Sabouri* ؛ Shahab Salamat | ||
| English Language and Literature Department-Persian and Foreign Languages Faculty- University of Tabriz | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This article provides a comparison between the conventional and modern theater of revolt. It also indicates that the modern theater’s attitude of revolt is twofold, existential, and social. Ibsen, Strindberg, Shaw, Brecht, Pirandello, O’Neill, and Beyzai, all from different parts of the world share one idea which separates them from their predecessors and links them to each other; it is their attitude of revolt toward what makes them modern playwrights. Luigi Pirandello and Bahram Beyzai’s drama embrace the atmosphere of revolt in the modern era considered as the precursors of Existential drama of revolt. The modern theater starts with the sense of spiritual and social disintegration, fragmentation of man, and his estrangement of officialdom. Within the framework of comparative literature and the philosophy of Henri Bergson, this article analyzes the philosophical traces of the issues of life, time, and the human-made concepts and forms of life and applies them to the selected plays of Pirandello and Beyzai Ultimately, this paper distinguishes two types of human revolt in theater and differentiates between Beyzai and Pirandello and concludes that whereas Pirandello’s revolt is based on moving from one mask to another, Beyzai’s revolt is on ripping off the masks and facing the ultimate nudity of the existential face of human being. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Henri Bergson؛ Pirandello؛ Beyzai؛ Existential and social Revolt؛ Comparative literature | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Beckett, “Proust,” in Poems, Short Fiction, Criticism. Grove Press, 2006.
Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. Translated by Arthur Mitchell. The Modern Library, 1944. ---. Mind-Energy: Lectures and Essays. Translated by Herbert Wildon Carr. H. Holt & Co., 1920.
Beyzai, Bahram. “Divane Namayesh [Plays Anthology].” Tehran: Roshangaran, 1384.
Beyzai, Bahram. A Study on Iranian Theater. Tehran: Roshangaran, 1965, pp.
Bishop, Thomas. Pirandello and the French Theater. New York University Press, 1960.
Brustein, Robert. The Theatre of Revolt: An Approach to Modern Drama. The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1962.
Caesar, Hallamore, Ann. “On the Social Impulse.” Luigi Pirandello, edited by Harold Bloom Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003, pp. 31-35.
Calendoli, Giovanni and Applin, Denis. “The Theater of Grotesque.” The Drama Review, vol. 22, no. 1, March 1978, pp. 13-18. Camus, Albert. The rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt. Vintage, 2012.
Elliot, T. S. A Sermon Preached at Magdalene College Chapel. Cambridge University Press, 1948.
Fergusson, Francis. “Action as Theatrical: Six Characters in Search of an Author.” Pirandello, a Collection Critical Essays, edited by Glauco Cambon. Yale University, 1967.
Ghanoonparvar, M. R. The Encyclopedia Iranica. Nov 29. 2011. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/drama
Hadot, Pierre. Spiritual Exercise. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995
Jankélévitch, Vladimir. Henri Bergson, Duke University Press Books, 2018.
James, William. A Pluralistic Universe. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.
Lefebvre, Alexandre. Human Rights as a Way of Life. Stanford University Press, 2013.
Lessing. Gotthold Ephraim, “Dramatic Notes,” in Selected Prose Works of G. E. Lessing, ed. Edward Bell. Trans. E. C. Beasley and H. Zimmern. London: George Bell, 1889.
Lewis, Wyndham. The Letters of Wyndham Lewis, ed. W. K. Rose. Norfolk, CT: New Directions, 1963.
Mariani, Umberto. Living Masks: The Achievement of Pirandello. University of Toronto, 2008.
Miller, Henry. Tropic of Capricorn. New York: Grove Press, 1961.
Mohandespour, Farhad. “An analysis of Contemporary Iranian Theatre.” Journal of International Theater Institution, 2008, pp.164-171.
Nesari, Ali Jamali, et al. "A Deconstructive Reading on Luigi Pirandello‘s Six Characters in Search of an Author." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 28, 2011. ---. "A Study of The Lack of Identity in Luigi Pirandello‘s Six Characters in Search of an Author and Henry IV." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 28, 2011.
Nolan, David. "Theory in Action: Pirandello's" Sei Personaggi." Forum for Modern Language Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, 1968. pp. 269-276. Paolucci, Anne. “Pirandello’s Exploration of Theater as Medium.” Bloom’s Major Dramatists, Luigi Pirandello. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.
Pirandello, Luigi. “Henry IV.” Naked Masks, Five Plays of Luigi Pirandello.” Ed. Eric Bentley. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952.
---. “It is So. If You Think So.” Five Plays of Luigi Pirandello.” Ed. Eric Bentley. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952.
---. Preface to Six Characters: Naked Masks, Five Plays of Luigi Pirandello.” Ed. Eric Bentley. E. P. Dutton, 1952.
---. Six Characters in Search of an Author.” In Naked Masks, Five Plays of Luigi Pirandello. Ed. Eric Bentley. E. P. Dutton, 1952.
Paolucci, Anne. “Pirandello’s Exploration of Theater as Medium.” Bloom’s Major Dramatists, Luigi Pirandello. Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.
Scott, David. “Sub Specie Durationis, or the Free Necessity of Life’s Creativeness in Bergson’s Creative Evolution” Understanding Bergson, Understanding Modernism, Bloomsbury, 2013.
Siebers, Tobin. “Sincerely Yours”. In Charles Bernheimer, ed., Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, pp. 195-203.
Tarnian, R., Hossein Khosravi and Ahmad Abumahboub. "A Study on Power, Identity, and Knowledge in Bahram Beyzai’s Three Recitations." Literary Theory and Criticism, vol. 2, no. 2. 2017. pp. 39-69.
Tilgher, Adriano. “Life Versus Form.” Pirandello, a Collection of Critical Essays. Yale University, 1967. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 356 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 335 |
||