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Focalization: An Investigation into the Narratology of Moniru Ravanipur’s “Kanizu” | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 1، شماره 1، تیر 2012، صفحه 59-73 اصل مقاله (208.59 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2013.602 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Seyed Gholamreza Shafiee-Sabet* 1؛ Atefeh Rabei2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof. of English Literature Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Iran | ||
| 2Independent Scholar, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| According to the French Structuralist Gerard Genette, the term “point of view” is not an all-comprehensive one for the discussion of narration because, in his view, there is often a difference between the person who tells about an event and the person who sees it. He has, thus, proposed the term “focalization” to make a distinction between the two components of narration. Later critics also proposed new aspects and dimensions to Genette’s term and made it a key issue in Structuralist criticism. In this article, drawing on Genette’s and other critics’ views, we have tried to analyze how, through the interaction of different components of focalization, meaning is shaped. The study shows that “Kanizu” includes narrative complexities that are often ignored in traditional criticism. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Focalization؛ Narrative؛ Structuralism؛ “Kanizu”؛ Ravanipur؛ Genette | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Calvino, Italo. If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler. Translated by William Weaver, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.
Cohen, Steven, and Linda M. Shires. Telling Stories: A Theoretical Analysis of Narrative Fiction. London: Routledge, 1988.
Genette, Gerard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Translated by Jane Lewin, with a preface by Jonathan Culler. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1980
Messent, Peter. New Readings of the American Novel: Narrative Theory and its Application. London: Macmillan, 1990.
Ravanipur, Moniru. Kanizu. Translated by Hirad Dinavari, Azita Mokhtari, et al. with an introduction by M.R. Ghanoonparvar. California: Mazda Publishers, 2004.
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. London and New York: Routledge.1983.
Toolan, Michael J. Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction. London: Routledge, 1988.
Uspensky, Boris. A Poetics of Composition: The Structure of the Artistic Text and Typology of a Compositional Form. Translated by Valentina Zavarin and Susan Wittig. Berkeley: U of California P, 1983.
آبادیان، رسول. «نگاهی به نویسندگان دهه شصت با مرور مجموعه داستان کنیزو نوشته منیرو روانی پور». روزنامه همشهری، شماره 3245. روانی پور، منیرو. کنیزو. چاپ سوم. انتشارات نیلوفر، 1370. | ||
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