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Cultural Translation: A Critical Analysis of William Jones's Translation of Hafez | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 1، شماره 1، تیر 2012، صفحه 41-58 اصل مقاله (248.35 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2013.601 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Alireza Anushiravani* 1؛ Laleh Atashi2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Comparative Literature Shiraz University, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Candidate English Literature Shiraz University, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The humanist mission of translation is believed to be rooted in the universal humane urge to spread knowledge and to eliminate misunderstanding among people as well as to generate a broader space for communication. What is absent from this philanthropist definition is the workings of power and the political agendas that influence the translator's stance and his/her interpretation of the text that he/she is translating. The translation of an oriental literary text by a scholar who is actively involved in the discourse of colonialism would be an ideologically pregnant text, and a rich case study for cultural translation. Sir William Jones, an English philologist and scholar, was particularly known for his proposition of the existence of a relationship among Indo-European languages. Jones translated one of Hafez's poems—if that Shirazi Turk—into English under the title of "A Persian Song of Hafiz." His Translation denotes a large cultural formation that emerges through the encounter between the colonizing West and the colonized East. In this paper, we have examined how Jones’s Western perspective affects his translation of Hafiz’s poem and changes its spiritual and mystic core into a secular and profane love. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Hafiz؛ William Jones؛ cultural translation؛ westernization؛ orientalism؛ appropriation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Bassnett, Susan. “Culture and Translation.” In A Companion to Translation Studies. Piotr Kuhiwczak and Karin Littau, eds. Clevedon, UK, Buffalo, USA, Toronto, Canada: Multilingual Matters Ltd. 2007: 13-23. Cannon, Garland. “Sir William Jones and the New Pluralism over Languages and Cultures.” The Yearbook of English Studies. 28 (1998): 128-143 Davis, Dick. “On not Translating Hafez.” New England Review. 25: 1-2 (Winter-Spring 2004): 310-318. Grewal, Inderpal. Home and Harem: Nation, Gender, Empire, and the Cultures of Travel. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1996. Hillmann, Michael C. “Hafez's 'Turk of Shiraz' again.” Iranian Studies. 8: 3 (Autumn 1975): 164-182. Jones, William. “Sweet Maid.” Fifty Poems of Hafez. Arthur J. Arberry, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974: 85-86. Lefevere, Andre. (1999). “Composing the Other.” In PostcolonialTranslation: Theory and Practice. S. Bassnett and H. Trivedi, eds. London: Routledge, 1999: 75-94. Lewisohn, Leonard. “The Religion of Love and the Puritans of Islam: Sufi Sources of Hafiz Anti-clericalism.” In Hafiz and the Religion of Love in Classical Persian Poetry. London and New York: I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd in association with Iran Heritage Foundation, 2010. Marvell, Andrew .”To His Coy Mistress.” In To His Coy Mistress and Other Poems. S. Appelbaum, ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1997: 1-2. Schroeder, Eric. “Verse Translation and Hafiz.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 7: 4 (Oct. 1948): 209-222. Ford, J. “An Essay on Matrimony.” The Lady's Magazine or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex. 6 (January 1775): 257-261. Toury, Gideon. “The Nature and Role of Norms in Literary Translation.” In Literature and Translation: New Perspectives in Literary Studies. James S., José Lambert and Raymond van den Broeck eds.Leuven: ACCO, 1978: 83-100 Wyatt, Sir Thomas. “Farewell love and all thy laws forever” In The Poetical Works of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Y. James, ed. London: George Bell and Sons, 1904: 18-19. ---. “Madam withouten many words.” In The Poetical Works of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Y. James, ed. London: George Bell and Sons, 1904: 178. | ||
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