| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 851 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,575 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,413,732 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 11,580,448 |
Strategic Export Subsidies under Product Differentiation | ||
| Iranian Journal of Economic Studies | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 8، شماره 2، اسفند 2019، صفحه 315-334 اصل مقاله (530.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijes.2020.35423.1623 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Younes Brumand* ؛ Kiumars Shahbazi | ||
| Department of Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This paper focuses on strategic trade policy in the form of export subsidies in Cournot duopoly structure for differentiated goods. Export subsidies affect social welfare in both static and dynamic situations , and the aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the welfare effects of export subsidies in one-period and multi-period games in differentiated goods markets. To analyze the welfare effects of export subsidies, a two-stage game of complete but inperfect information is considered. In the first stage, two governments determine the amount of export subsidies and in the second stage, two firms determine the product level. The results show that, given that the firms’ competitiveness do not differ so much, export subsidies by both governments increase the firms’ profits and decrease social welfare of both countries. In an infinitely repeated game with different discount factors for both countries, and by adopting trigger strategy, we create some conditions, in which both governments commit free trade. However, if the competitiveness of one firm is so greater than the other, free trade using trigger strategy is not stable and the country with more competitive firm has incentive to deviate. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Strategic Trade Policy؛ Export Subsidies؛ Product Differentiation؛ Nash Equilibrium؛ Repeated Game | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Brander, J. (1995). Strategic Trade Policy. InG. Grossman and K. Rogoff (ed.), Handbook of International Economics (3). Netherland: North-Holland.
Brander, J. (1998). Rationales for Strategic Trade and Industrial Policy. In P. Krugman (ed.), Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economic. Massachusetts: The MIT Press,
Brander, J., & Spencer, B. (1983). Strategic Commitment to R&D: The Symmetric Case. Bell Journal of Economics, 140, 225-35. DOI:10.2307/3003549.
Brander, J., & Spencer, B. (1985). Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry. Journal of International Economics, 18, 83-100. DOI:10.1016/0022-1996(85)90006-6.
Collie, D. (1993). Profit-Shifting Export Subsidies and the Sustainability of Free Trade. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 40, 408-419. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9485.1993.tb00663.x.
De Meza, D. (1986). Export Subsidies and High Productivity: Cause or Effect?. Canadian Journal of Economics, 19, 347-350.
Dutta, P. (1999). Strategies and Games: Theory and Practice. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Eaton, J., & Grossman, G. (1986). Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101, 383-406. DOI: 10.2307/1891121.
Fudenberg, D., & Tirole, J. (1991). Game Theory. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Gaudet, G., & Salant, S. (1991). Increasing the Profits of a Subset of Firms in Oligopoly Models with Strategic Substitutes. American Economic Review, 81, 658-65.
Gibbons, R. (1992). Game Theory for Applied Economists. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Halland, J., & Kind, H. (2008). R & D Policies, Trade and Process Innovation. Journal of International Economics, 74, 170-87. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.04.001.
Kondo, H. (2013). International R & D Subsidy Competition, Industrial Agglomeration and Growth. Journal of International Economics, 89, 225-33. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.04.004.
Krugman, P. (1986). Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Lahiri, S., & Ono, Y. (2004). Trade and Industrial Policy under International oligopoly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Orgun, B. (2012). Strategic Trade Policy Versus Free Trade. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1283-1292. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1111.
Pires, A. (2015). Competitiveness-shifting Effects and the Prisoner's Dilemma in International R & D Subsidy Wars. International Economics, 142, 32-49. DOI:10.1016/j.inteco.2015.01.002.
Qiu, L. (1994). Optimal Strategic Trade Policy under Asymmetric Information. Journal of international economics, 36, 333-354. DOI:10.1016/0022-1996(94)90007-8.
Shy, O. (1995). Industrial Organization: Theory and Applications. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Spencer, B., & Brander, J. (1983). International R & D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy, Review of Economic Studies, 50, 707-722. DOI:10.2307/2297771
Takalo, T., Tanayama, T., & Tojyanen, O. (2013). Market Failures and the Additionality Effects of Public Support to Private R & D: Theory and Empirical Implications. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31, 634-42. DOI:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2013.02.002.
Tirole, J. (1988). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Yoon, J., & Choi, K. (2018). Why Do Export Subsidies still Exist? R&D and Output Subsidies. Japan and the World Economy, 45, 30-38. DOI:10.1016/j.japwor.2017.12.002. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 456 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 482 |
||