| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 916 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,202 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 15,918,389 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 13,468,305 |
Forming of Multi layer Sheet Metal by Drawing Process: an Analysis and FEM Simulation | ||
| Iranian Journal of Materials Forming | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 5، شماره 2، دی 2018، صفحه 36-53 اصل مقاله (1.26 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijmf.2018.30104.1106 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Y. Mollapour* 1؛ D. Afshari1؛ H. Haghighat2 | ||
| 1Department of Mechanical engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| In this paper, the drawing process of multi-layer sheet metal through wedge shaped die has been analyzed using stream function and upper bound method. Typically a sandwich sheet contains three layers of metal, where the outer layers are of the same thickness and material and different from those of the inner layer. In this study, a new deformation model has been introduced in which inlet and outlet shear boundaries are considered flexible and the effect of work hardening of sheet layer materials has been considered. According to the suggested stream function, velocity field, strain rates and powers have been calculated. The optimized geometry of deformation zone and required drawing force has been determined depending on the process conditions. Analytical results, including drawing force and thickness of sheets in outlet of die have been compared with the finite element (FE) results. The FE results have a good agreement with the analytical results. Finally, the effects of friction factor and reduction in thickness have been investigated on the drawing force and the optimum die angle. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Upper bound؛ Work hardening؛ Sheet Drawing؛ Deformation zone؛ Stream function | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] R. R. Arnold, P. W. Whitton, Stress and Deformation Studies for Sandwich Rolling Hard Metals, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 173 (1959) 241-256.
[2] A. G. Atkins, A. S. Weinstein, The Deformation of Sandwich Materials, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 12 (1970) 641-657.
[3] K. Osakada, Y. Niimi, A Study on Radial Flow Field for Extrusion Through Conical Dies, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 17(1975) 241-254.
[4] B. Avitzur, Analysis of Wire Drawing and Extrusion Through Dies of Large Cone Angle, Journal of Engineering for Industry, Trans. ASME 86 (1964) 305-316.
[5] D. Durban, Drawing and Extrusion of Composite Sheets, Wires and Tubes, International Journal of Solids and Structures 20 (1984) 649-666.
[6] H. Tokuno, Analysis of Deformation in Extrusion of Composite Rods, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 26 (1991) 323–335.
[7] A. K. Taheri, S. A. Majlessi, An Investigation into the Production of Bi- and Tri-Layered Strip by Drawing Through Wedge-Shaped Dies, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 1 (1992) 285-291.
[8] A. Karimi Taheri, Analytical Study of Drawing of Non-Bonded Trimetallic Strips, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 33 (1993) 71-88.
[9] Chitkara N.R.,Aleem A., Extrusion of axisymmetric bi-metallictubes: some experiments using hollow billet sand the application of a generalized slab method of analysis, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 43(2001) 2857–2882.
[10] Chitkara N.R.,Aleem A., Extrusion of axisymmetric bimetallic tubes from solid circular billets: application of a generalized upper bound analysis and some experiments, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 43 (2001) 2833–2856.
[11] Hwang Y.M., Hwang T.F., An investigation into the plastic deformation behaviour within a conical die during composite rod extrusion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 121 (2002) 226-233.
[12] E. M. Rubio, M. A. S. Perez, A. S. Lobera, Mechanical solutions for drawing processes under plane strain conditions by the upper bound method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143-144 (2003) 539-545.
[13] Kazanowski P., Epler M.E., Misiolek W.Z., Bimetal rod extrusion-process and product optimization, Materials Science and Engineering 369 (2004) 170–180.
[14] Nowotynska I., Smykla A., Influence of die geometric parameters on plastic flow of layer composites during extrusion process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209 (2009) 1943-1949.
[15] Khosravifard A., Ebrahimi R., Investigation of parameters affecting interface strength in Al/Cu clad bimetal rod extrusion process, Materials and Design 31 (2010) 493-499.
[16] M. Malaki, H. R. Roohani, Investigation of the Bimetal Clad Drawing by Upper Bound Method, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22 (2013) 943-951.
[17] H. Haghighat, P. Amjadian, A Generalized Upper Bound Solution for Extrusion of Bi-Metallic Rectangular Cross-Section Bars Through Dies of Any Shape, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 51 (2013) 105-116.
[18] H. Haghighat, H. Shayesteh, Upper Bound Analysis for Hybrid Sheet Metals Extrusion Process Through Curved Dies, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 24 (2014) 3285-3292.
[19] A. Panteghini, An analytical solution for the estimation of the drawing force in three dimensional plate drawing processes, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 84 (2014) 147-157.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,700 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,240 |
||