| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 903 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,081 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 15,203,653 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,848,025 |
Cultural Components and Subcomponents in Two Persian and English Language Teaching Textbooks: A Comparative Study | ||
| Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 36، شماره 3، دی 2017، صفحه 85-117 اصل مقاله (179.98 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jtls.2018.26115.2307 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Gholamhossein Shahini* 1؛ Shahrbanoo Meymandi2 | ||
| 1Department of foreign languages and linguistics, Faculty of letters and humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, Faculty f Letters and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present qualitative research, for the first time, aimed at comparing and contrasting the extent cultural components and subcomponents are represented in the elementary levels of A Course in General Persian and Top Notch Series as foreign language teaching textbooks. The adapted checklist of Lee's Big ‘C' and little ‘c' cultural components (2009) was used for the current study. After content analysis, Big ‘C' cultural components with the highest, lowest, and no frequency in each textbook were identified, and the possible reasons behind the occurrence of each one were addressed. Based on the findings, it was revealed that although the two textbooks enjoyed approximately similar functions concerning non-/presenting Big ‘C' cultural components, the Persian textbook was richer in introducing cultural capsules. And while the cultural capsules in the Persian textbook were associated more with people's common life styles and their daily interactions, those in the English textbook were concerned more with entertaining life style. Concerning little ‘c,' no cultural component was observed in the two textbooks. It is implied that the embedded cultural components and subcomponents in FL/SL textbooks should be the ones which a) are in harmony with learners' language proficiency levels and b) are used (most) frequently in the daily lives of their native speakers. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| cultural components؛ big ‘C؛ ' little ‘c؛ ' Persian language teaching؛ EFL/ESL | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alimorad, Z. (2016). Cultural values represented in First Certificate Masterclass taught in Iran: uncovering the hidden curriculum. SAGE Open, 6(1), 1-8.
Allen, E. D., &Valetta, R. M. (1972). Modern language classroom techniques: A handbook. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Angus, J. (1999). An inquiry concerning possible methods for evaluation Arts for Health Projects. Bath, UK: Community Health.
Ashikaga, C., Fujita, A., &Ikuta, Y. (2001). Japan Association for language teaching (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Korea University: Seoul.
Assadi, R. (1980). Deference: Persian style. Anthropological Linguistics, 22(5), 221-224.
Ball, S., & Keating, C. (2002). Researching for arts and health’s sake. Paper presented at 2nd Conference on Cultural Policy Research, Wellington. New Zealand: International Conference on Cultural Policy Research.
Baklien, B. (2000). Culture is healthy. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 7(2), 235-257.
Bayrak, A. (2010). Comparative investigation of cultural components in Turkish and German language coursebooks. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1983-1987.
Beeman, W. O. (1976). Status, style, and strategy in Iranian interaction. Anthropological Linguistics, 18, 305-322.
Beeman, W. O. (1986). Language, status, and power in Iran. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1985). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blanchard, K. (1974). Basketball and the culture-change process: The Rimrock Navajo case. Council on Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 4, 8-13.
Bygren, L. O., Konlaan, B. B., & Johansson, S. E. (1996). Attendance at cultural events, reading books or periodicals and making music or singing in a choir as determinants for survival: Swedish interview survey of living conditions. British Medical Journal, 313, 1577-1580.
Camilleri Grima, A. (2002). How strange! The use of anecdotes in the development of intercultural competence. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publication.
Chastain, K. (1988). Developing second language skills: Theory and practice. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Cheska, A. T. (1979). Native American games as strategies of societal maintenance. In E. Norbeck, & C. R. Farrer (Eds.), Forms of play of native North Americans (pp. 227-247). St. Paul, MN: West.
Cleeve, S. (2008). Burning guys? How upper-secondary school English language teaching textbooks deal with cultural learning. Retrieved on May 18, 2004, from
https://gapes.ub.gu.se/bit stream/2077/9724/1/HT07-2440-03.
Crystal, D. (1987).The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Daniel, L. E., & Mahdi, A. A. (2006). Culture and customs of Iran. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Davis, B. (2008). “Ah, excuse me . . . I like your shirt”: An examination of compliment responses across gender by Australians. Griffith Working Papers in Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication, 1(2), 76-87.
Discovery Education. (2011). What sport means in America: A study of sport’s role in society. Maryland: Discovery Education, Silver Spring.
Duranti, A. (1997). Linguistic anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ekawati, D. & Hamdani, F. (2012). Cultural mirrors: materials and methods in English as a foreign language. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 8(1), 18-22.
Fiske, E. B. (1999). Champions of change: The impact of the arts on learning. Washington, DC: Arts Education Partnership President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities.
Fiske, H. (1996).Selected theories of music perception. Queenston, Ontario: The Edwin Mellen Press.
Fowler, R. (1996). Linguistic criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harbottle, L. (1995). Palship, parties, and pilgrimage: Kinship, community formation and self-transformation of Iranian migrants to Britain (Working Paper No. 9). Keele: Keele University Press.
Harbottle, L. (2004).Food for health, food for wealth: Ethnic and gender identities in British Iranian communities. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Hassan, M. A. (2008). Teaching teachers: the importance of teaching the target culture to EFL teachers. TESL Reporter, 41(1), 45-55.
Heron, R. P. (1989). Community leisure and cultural vitality. Rotterdam: Stichting Recreatie.
Hillmann, M. C. (1981). Language and social distinctions in Iran. In M. Bonine, & N. R. Keddie (Eds.), Modern Iran: The Dialectics of Continuity and Change (pp. 327–340).New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
Hodge, C. (1957). Some aspects of Persian style.Language, 33, 335-369.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Holmes, J., & Brown, D. F. (1987). Teachers and students learning about compliments. TESOL Quarterly, 21(3), 523-546.
Jackson, E. (1979). The impact of arts enrichment instruction on self-concept, attendance, motivation, and academic performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Fordham University, USA.
Jarvie, J. (2006). Sport, culture, and society: An introduction. London and New York: Routledge.
Jedynak, M. (2000). Using music in the classroom. English Teaching Forum, 38(4), 30-32.
Knight, W.E., & Rickard, N.S. (2001). Relaxing music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy males and females. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254–272.
Koutlaki, S. (1997). Persian system of politeness and the Persian concept of face with some reference to EFL teaching to Iranian native speakers (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). The University of Wales at Cardiff, UK.
Lee, K. Y. (2009). Treating culture: What 11 high school EFL conversation textbooks in South Korea do. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 8(1), 76-96.
McLean, D., & Hurd, A. (2012). Kraus’ recreation and leisure in modern society. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Moosavi, S. M. (1986). A Sociolinguistic analysis of the Persian system of Taarof and its implications for the teaching of Farsi. Austin: University of Texas.
Motagi-Tabari, S., & de Beuzevile, L. (2012). A contrastive study of compliment responses among Persians and Australians: The effects of exposure to a new speech community. Applied Research in English, 1(1). Paige, R. M., Jousted, H., Saia, L., Klein, F., & Colby, J. (1999). Culture learning in language education. Minnesota: University of Minnesota.
Panksepp, J. (1995). The emotional sources of “Chills” induced by music. Music Perception, 13(2), 171–207.
Peck, D. (1998). Teaching Culture beyond Language. Retrieved on June 17, 1998, from http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1984/3/84.03.06.x.html
Peiper, J. (1963). Leisure: The basis of culture (2nded.). New York: New American Library.
Rafiee, A., (1992).Variables of communicative incompetence in the performance of Iranian learners of English and English learners of Persian. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. University of London, England.
Randall, P., Dian, M., & Miller, C. E. (1997). Art works!: Prevention programs for youth & communities. Rockville, MD: National Endowment for the Arts and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.
Razi, S. (2012). Developing the inventory of cultural components to assess perception in learning. Procedia: Social and Behavioural Science, 6(2), 69-186. Rivers, W. M., (1981). Teaching foreign-language skills. The University of Chicago Press.
Roberts, K. (2004).The leisure industries. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Saricoban, A. & Metin, E. (2000). Songs, verse, and games for teaching grammar. The Internet TESL Journal, 6 (10).Retrieved from: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Saricoban-Songs.html
Scott, B. M., & Schwartz, M. A. (2000). Sociology: Making sense of the social world. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
Seham, J. C. (1997). The effects on at-risk children of an in-school dance program (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation). Adelphi University, USA.
Sharifian, F. (2005). The Persian cultural schema of shekasteh-nafsi: A study of compliment responses from Persian and Anglo-Australian speakers. Pragmatics and Cognition, 13(2), 337- 361.
Sharifian, F. (2008). Distributed, emergent cultural cognition, conceptualization, and language. In R. Frank, R. Dirven, T. Ziemke,& E. Bernardez (Eds.), Body, language, and mind: Sociocultural situatedness (Vol. 2, pp. 109-136). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Sharifian, F. (2011). Cultural conceptualizations and language: Theoretical framework and applications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
Sharifian, F., & Palmer, G. (2007). Applied cultural linguistics: An emerging paradigm. In F. Sharifian, & G. Palmer (Eds.), Applied cultural linguistics: Implications for second language learning and intercultural communication (pp. 1-14).Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
Sloboda, J. (1991). Music structure and emotional response: Some empirical findings. Psychology of Music, 19(2), 110–120.
Stratton, V.N., & Zalanowski, A.H. (1984). The relationship between music, the degree of liking, and self-reported relaxation. Journal of Music Therapy, 21(4), 184–192.
Tarrant, M., North, A.C., & Hargreaves, D.J. (2000). English and American Adolescents’ Reasons for Listening to Music. Psychology of Music, 28(2), 166- 173. Retrieved from:http://pom.sagepub.com/content/28/2/166.full.pdf+html
Thoits, P. A., & Hewitt, L. N. (2001). Volunteer work and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 42, 115-131.
Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching: Practice and theory.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weitz, J. (1996). Coming up taller: Arts and humanities programs for children and youth at risk. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities.
Williams, D. (1995). Creating social capital: A study of the long-term benefits from community-based arts funding. Adelaide, S. Aust.: Community Arts Network of South Australia.
Wolfson, N. (1981). Compliments in cross-cultural perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 15(2), 117-124.
Xiao, J. (2010). Cultural contents of an in-use EFL Textbook and English major students' attitudes and perceptions towards culture learning at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, China (Unpublished M.A. Thesis). Prince of Songkla University, China.
Zu, L. & Kong, Z. Q. (2009). A study on the approaches to culture introduction in English textbooks. GCSE English Language Teaching, 2(1), 112-118. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,574 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,934 |
||