Agrawal, R. (2002). Seed technology. Pub. Co. LTD. New Delhi. India.

Alam, M.M., Nahar, K., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2014). Exogenous jasmonic acid modulates the physiology, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in imparting drought stress tolerance in different Brassica species. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 8, 279-293.

Akhavan Armaki, M., Azarnivand, H., Assareh, M.H., Jaafari, A.A., & Tavili, A. (2013). Evaluation of drought stress effects on germination indices of four genotypes of rangeland species. Bromus tomentellus, 6692, 167-177. (In Persian)

Bahmani, K., IzadiDarbandi, A., & SadatNoori, S.A. (2013). Evaluation of the contents and essential oil constituents of some ecotypes of Iranian fennel. Journal of Crops Improvement, 15(4), 13-24. (In Persian)

Behnamnia, M., Kalantari, K.M., & Rezanejad, F. (2009). Exogenous application of brassinosteroid alleviates drought-induced oxidative stress in Lycopersicon esculentum L. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 35, 22-34.

Cheng, X., Ruyter-Spira, C., & Bouwmeester, H. (2013). The interaction between strigolactones and other plant hormones in the regulation of plant development. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, 1-16.

Chiwocha, S.D.S., Dixon, K.W., Flematti, G.R., Ghisalberti, E.L., Merritt,  D.J., Nelson, D.C., Riseborough, J.M., Smith, S.M., & Stevens, J.C. (2009). Karrikins: A new family of plant growth regulators in smoke. Plant Science, 177, 252-256.

Coons, J., Coutant, N., Lawrence, B., Finn, D., & Finn, S. (2014). An effective system to produce smoke solutions from dried plant tissue for seed germination studies. Applications in Plant Science, 2, 1-3. 

Dixon, K.W., Merritt, D.J., Flematti, G.R., & Ghisalberti, E.L. (2009). Karrikinolide - a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke with applications in horticulture, ecological restoration and agriculture. Acta Horticulturae, 813, 155-170.

Ghebrehiwot, H.M., Kulkarini, M.G., Szalai, G., Soòs, V., Balázs, E., & VanStaden, J. (2013). Karrikinolide residues in grassland soils following fire: Implications on germination activity. South African Journal of Botany, 88, 419-424.

Giri, J. (2011). Glycinebetaine and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6, 1746-1751.

Gomes, M.M.A., Netto, A.T., Campostrini, E., Bressan Smith, R., Zullo, M.A.T., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, L.N., Leal, N.R., & NúñezVázquez, M. (2013). Brassinosteroid analogue affects the senescence in two papaya genotypes submitted to drought stress. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 25, 186-195.

Guterres, J., Rossato, L., Pudmenzky, A., Doley, D., Whittaker, M., & Schmidt, S. (2013). Micron-size metal-binding hydrogel particles improve germination and radicle elongation of Australian metallophyte grasses in mine waste rock and tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 248, 442-450.

Ha, C.V., Leyva González, M.A., Osakabe, Y., Tran, U.T., Nishiyama, R., Watanabe, Y., Tanaka, M., Seki, M., Yamaguchi, S., Dong, N.V., Yamaguchi Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K., Herrera Estrella, L., & Tran, L.S. (2014). Positive regulatory role of strigolactone in plant responses to drought and salt stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 111(2), 851-856.

Habibi, G. (2012). Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates oxidative damage of barley plants under drought stress. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 56, 57-63.

Halford, B. (2010). Smoke Signals. Chemical & Engineering News, 88, 37-38.

Hedge, I.C., & Lamond, J.M. (1987). Trachyspermum. Flora Iranica, 162, 336-338.

Hussain, S., Ali, A., Ibrahim, M., Saleem, M.F., Haji, M.A., & Bukhsh, A. (2012). Exogenous application of abscisic acid for drought tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): A review. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22, 806-826.

International Seed Testing Association. (2008). International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology, 13, 356-513.

Jakab, G., Ton, J., Flors, V., Zimmerli, L., Me´traux, J.P., & MauchMani, B. (2005). Enhancing arabidopsis salt and drought stress tolerance by chemical priming for its abscisic acid responses. Plant Physiology, 139, 267-274.

Kang, G.Z., Li, G.Z., Liu, G.Q., Xu, W., Peng, X.Q., Wang, C.Y., Zhu, Y.J., & Guo, T.C. (2013). Exogenous salicylic acid enhances wheat drought tolerance by influence on the expression of genes related to ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Biologia Plantarum, 57, 718-724.

Kaya, M.D., Okçu, G., Atak, M., Çikili, Y., & Kolsarici, Ö. (2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 23, 291-295.

Kissoudis, C., Van de Wiel, C., Visser, R.G.F., & Van der Linden, G. (2014). Enhancing crop resilience to combined abiotic and biotic stress through the dissection of physiological and molecular crosstalk. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 1-20.

Li, J., Yin, L.Y., Jongsma, M.A., & Wang, C.Y. (2011). Effects of light, hydropriming and abiotic stress on seed germination, and shoot and root growth of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium). Industrial Crops & Products, 34, 1542-1549.

Li, Y., Zhaoa, H., Duana, B., Korpelainen, H., & Li, C. (2011). Effect of drought and ABA on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Cotinus coggygria seedlings under two different light conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71, 107-113.

Long, R.L., Stevens, J.C., Griffiths, E.M., Adamek, M., Powles, S.B., & Merritt, D.J. (2011). Detecting karrikinolide responses in seeds of the Poaceae. Australian Journal of Botany, 59, 610-620.

Maguire, J.D. (1962). Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2, 176-177.

Mos, M., Binek, A., Zielinski, A., & Wojtowicz, T. (2007). Effect of osmotic stress on vigor in naked and husked oat cultivars subjected to accelerated ageing. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 5, 465-469.

Nair, J.J., Munro, O.Q., Pošta, M., Papenfus, H.B., Beier, P., & VanStaden, J. (2012). X-ray crystallographic structure determination of the smoke-derived karrikin KAR3. South African Journal of Botany, 88, 107-109.

Nazarli, H., Ahmadi, A., & Hadian, J. (2014). Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate enhance drought tolerance in chamomile plants. Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, 3, 87-92.

Niazi, M.H., & Raja, M.R. (1971). Effect of NPK on the yield of white zeera (Cuminum Cyminum L.). Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(2), 124-127.

Rohamare, Y., Dhumal, K.N., & Nikam, T.D. (2014). Response of ajowan to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 during seed germination and seedling growth. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35, 789-793.

RahimianBoogar, A., Salehi, H., & Jowkar, A. (2014). Exogenous nitric oxide alleviates oxidative damage in turfgrasses under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany, 92, 78-82.

Rao, S.R., Qayyum, A., Razzaq, A., Ahmad, M., Mahmood, I., & Sher, A. (2012). Role of foliar application of salicylic acid and L-tryptophan in drought tolerance of maize. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22, 768-772.

Rauf, M., Munir, M., UIHassan, M., Ahmed, M., & Afzai, M. (2007). Performance of wheat genotypes under osmotic stress at germination and early seedling growth stage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 971-275.

RivasArancibia, S.P., Montaña, C., VelascoHernández, J.X., & Zavala Hurtado, J.A. (2006). Germination responses of annual plants to substrate type, rainfall, and temperature in a semi-arid inter-tropical region in Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 67, 416-427.

Sun, Y.Y., Sun, Y.J., Wang, M.T., Li, X.Y., Guo, X., Hu, R., & Ma, J. (2010). Effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth under water stress in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 36, 1931-1940.

Sunmonu, T.O., Kulkarni, M.G., & VanStaden, J. (2016). Smoke-water, karrikinolide and gibberellic acid stimulate growth in bean and maize seedlings by efficient starch mobilization and suppression of oxidative stress. South African Journal of Botany, 102, 4-11.

Tekrony, D.M., & Egli, D.B. (1991). Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop science, 21, 816-822.

Ton, J., Jakab, G., Toquin, V., Flors, V., Iavicoli, A., Maeder, M.N., Metraux, J.P., & MauchMani, B. (2005). Dissecting the β-aminobutyric acid induced priming phenomenon in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 17, 987-999.

VanDenBerg, L., & Zeng, Y.J. (2006). Response of South African indigenous grass species to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. South African Journal of Botany, 72, 284-286.

Waters, M.T., Scaffidi, A., Flematti, G.R., & Smith, S.M. (2012). The origins and mechanisms of karrikin signalling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 16, 667-672.

Yamada, Y., Furusawa, S., Nagasaka, S., Shimomura, K., Yamaguchi, S., & Umehara, M. (2014). Strigolactone signaling regulates rice leaf senescence in response to a phosphate deficiency. Planta, 240, 399-408.

Zhang, L., Gao, M., Zhang, L., Li, B., Han, M., Alva, A.K., & Ashraf, M. (2013). Role of exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid in mitigating drought stress-induced adverse effects in Malus robusta seedlings. Turkish Journal of Botany, 37, 920-929.

Zeng, Y.J., Wang, Y.R., & Zhang, J.M. (2010). Is reduced seed germination due to water limitation a special survival strategy used by xerophytes in arid dunes? Journal of Arid Environments, 74, 508-511.