| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 851 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,575 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,413,761 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 11,580,455 |
Raising EFL Learners' Pragmatic Awareness of Intercultural Rhetoric in Writing | ||
| Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly (Formerly Journal of Teaching Language Skills) | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 34، شماره 1، مرداد 2015، صفحه 115-143 اصل مقاله (214.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jtls.2015.3458 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Andisheh Saniei* 1؛ Parviz Birjandi1؛ Esmaeel Abdollahzadeh2؛ Majid Nemati3 | ||
| 1ELT Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2ELT Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3ELT Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising Iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their L2 writing ability, complexity, and accuracy. To this end, two 25-member groups of EFL learners who were taking Basic Writing course at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, were selected based on their performance on a language proficiency test (PET). They were assigned as one control and one experimental group and took a validated, researcher-made pretest/posttest (with the reliability of 0.73) at the outset of the study. The experimental group received the explicit instruction of the teacher on IR followed by a task related to the content of the instruction while the control group’s practice in writing was limited to doing the exercises in their course book without receiving the explicit instruction on IR.Following the termination of the nine-session treatment, the posttest was administered and the collected data underwent data analysis. The results indicated that pragmatic awareness of IR in writing was significantly effective in improving the Iranian EFL learners' writing ability as well as the accuracy of their written output. However, no significant influence of rhetorical awareness raising on learners’ writing complexity was investigated in this study. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| intercultural rhetoric؛ pragmatic awareness raising؛ awareness raising؛ complexity؛ accuracy | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Arnaudet, M. L., & Barrett, M. L. (1990). Paragraph development (2nd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Bailey, E. P., & Powell, P. A. (2003). The practical writer with readings (7th Ed.), Boston: Wadsworth, Language Learning. Baleghizadeh, S., & Pashaii, A. (2010). A Comparison of English and Farsi Rhetoric and its Impact on English Writing of Iranian Students. Studies in Literature and Language, 1(5), 17-27. Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles (2nd ed.), New York, NY: Longman. Connor, U. (2002). New directions in contrastive rhetoric. TESOL Quarterly, 36 (4), 493-510. Connor, U. (2004a). Introduction. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3, 271–276. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2004.07.001. Connor, U. (2004b). Intercultural rhetoric research: Beyond texts. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3, 291–304. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2004.07.003. Connor, U. (2011). Intercultural rhetoric in the writing classroom. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Connor, U., & Traversa, A. (2014). The Role of intercultural rhetoric in ESP education. Paper presented at the CELC 2014 Symposium on culture, cross-cultural communication, intercultural communication. Retrieved December 7, 2015 from www.nus.edu.sg/3. Davies, R. J. (2003). Written discourse across cultures I: Towards an integrated approach to EL2 composition pedagogy. Ehime University Memories, 36 (2), 77-101. Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ellis, R., & Yuan, F. (2004). The effects of planning on fluency, complexity, and accuracy in second language narrative writing. SSLA, 26, 59-84. Grabe, W., & Kaplan, R. B. (1996). Theory and practice of writing. London: Longman. Hartshorn, K. J. (2008). The effects of manageable corrective feedback on ESL writing accuracy (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Hassani, M. T. (2004). Contrastive Rhetoric of English and Persian: A study of American English and Persian expository essays (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Allameh Tabatabaii University, Tehran, Iran. Hyland, K. (2003). Second language writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ishikawa, T. (2006). The effect of task complexity and language proficiency on task-based language performance. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 3(4), 193-225. Jalilifar, A. (2008). Discourse markers in composition writings: The case of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language. English Language Teaching, 1(2), 114-122. Kaplan, R. B. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. Language learning, 16, 1-20. Kaplan, R. B. (1987). Cultural thought patterns revisited. In U. Conner & R. Kaplan (Eds.), Writing across languages: Analysis of L2 text (pp. 9-22). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Kaplan, R. B. (2001). What in the World is Contrastive Rhetoric? In C.G. Panetta (Ed.), Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined (pp.vii-xx). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2006). The emergence of complexity, fluency, and accuracy in the oral and written production of five Chinese learners of English. Applied Linguistics, 27(4), 590-619. Leki, I. (1991). Twenty-five years of contrastive rhetoric: Text analysis and writing pedagogies. TESOL Quarterly, 25 (1), 123_143. Li, X. (2008). From contrastive rhetoric to intercultural rhetoric: A search for corrective identity. In U. Connor, E. Nagelhout, & W. V. Rozycki (Eds.), Contrastive rhetoric: Reaching to intercultural rhetoric (pp. 11-24). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Lyster, R., & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 37–66. Marandi, S. (2002). Contrastive EAP rhetoric: Metadiscourse in Persian vs. English (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Masney, D. (1997). Linguistic awareness and writing: Exploring the relationship with language awareness. Language Awareness, 6 (2 & 3), 105_118. Meyers, A. (2006). Composing with confidence: Writing effective paragraphs and essays (7th ed.), New York: Pearson Education Inc. Moradian, M. R. (2006). Monotopicality and multitopicality in Persian and English writing: Evidence from media discourse. Paper Presented at the Third TELLSI Conference, Kermanshah, Iran. Oi, K., & Kamimura, T. (1997). A pedagogical application of research in contrastive rhetoric. JACET Bulletin, 28, 65-82. Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.), Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill, Open University Press. Polio, C.G. (1997). Measures of linguistic accuracy in second language writing research. Language Learning, 47(1), 101-143. Purves, A., & Purves, W. (1986). Viewpoints: Cultures, text models, and the activity of writing. Research in the Teaching of English, 20 (2), 174-197. Qi, D.S., & Lapkin, S. (2001). Exploring the role of noticing in a three-stage second language writing task. Second Language Writing, 10(4), 277-303. Rahimi, M. (2011). Discourse markers in argumentative and expository writing of Iranian EFL learners. World Journal of English Language, 1(2), 68-78. doi:10.5430/wjel.v1n2p68 Raimes, A. (1991). Out of the woods: Emerging traditions in the teaching of writing. TESOL Quarterly, 25 (3), 407-430. Shen, S., & Yao, H. (1999). The impact of Chinese culture on Chinese learners' use of English writing. Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Language Teaching Beijing-Kunming. Beijing: Foreign Language University Press. Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Walker, D. (2004). Contrastive rhetoric teaching methods for English as a foreign language (EFL) university students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Southern IllinoisUniversity, Carbondale. Walker, D. (2006).Improving Korean university student EFL academic writing with contrastive rhetoric: Teacher conferencing and peer-response can help. Journal of Asia TEFL, 3(4), 71-111. Walker, D. (2011). How to teach contrastive (intercultural) rhetoric: Some ideas for pedagogical application. New Horizons in Education, 59 (3), 71-81. Weigle, S. C. (2002). Assessing writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wishnoff, J. R. (2000). Hedging your bets: L2 learners’ acquisition of Pragmatic devices in academic writing and computer-mediated discourse. Second Language Studies, 19(1), 119-148. Wolfe-Quintero, K., Inagaki, S., & Kim, H.Y. (1998). Second language development in writing. Hawaii: Hawaii University Press. Yoshimura, T. (2002). Formal instruction of rhetorical patterns and the effectiveness of using the L1 in argumentative writing in an EFL setting (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Temple University, Japan. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,796 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,624 |
||