| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 862 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,675 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,669,372 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 11,743,861 |
Effects of manure, municipal waste compost and nitrogen on weed communities in corn (Zea mays L.) | ||
| Iran Agricultural Research | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 34، شماره 1، تیر 2015، صفحه 1-7 اصل مقاله (460.53 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/iar.2015.3099 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Rouhollah Nederi Kharraji* 1؛ Hosein Ghadiri2 | ||
| 1Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, I. R. Iran | ||
| 2Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| A two year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of municipal waste compost (C), composted cattle manure (M), and nitrogen (N) on growth and composition of weeds in a corn field in Shiraz using a split-split plot design with 3 replicates. Visual inspection of the plots showed that the manure treatments neither introduced new weed species nor increased weed density more than the other treatments. In both years of the experiment, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), high mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) were dominant species, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that wild safflower (Carthamus spp.) was associated with control, redroot pigweed with 25 ton (t) compost ha-1, and 50 t compost ha-1, prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blioides L.) with N, and ground cherry (Physalis alkekengi L.) with 50 t manure ha-1. Our results showed that contrary to the idea that application of manure might increase the risk of new weed species introduction and/or abundance of certain weed species, no introduction of new weed species or increase in certain weed species was obviously found. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Organic amendments؛ Fertilizer؛ Weed composition؛ Corn field | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abouziema, H.F., El-Karmany, M.F., Singh, M., & Sharma, S. D. (2007). Effect of nitrogen rates and weed control treatments on maize yield and associated weeds in sandy soils. Weed Technology, 21, 1049–1053.
Andreasen, C., Litz, A. S., & Streibig, J.C. (2006). Growth response of six weed species and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) to increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Weed Research, 46, 503–512.
Blackshaw, R.E. (2005). Nitrogen fertilizer, manure and compost effects on weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Agronomy, 97, 1612–1621.
Blackshaw, R.E., Molnar, L. J., & Larney, F.J. (2005). Fertilizer, manure and compost effects on weed growth and competition with winter wheat in western Canada. Crop Protection, 24, 971–980.
Blackshaw, R.E., & Brandt, R.N. (2008). Nitrogen fertilizer rate effects on weed competitiveness is species dependent. Weed Science, 56, 743–747.
Blackshaw, R.E., Brandt, R.N., Janzen, H.H., Grant, C.A., & Derksen, D.A. 2003. Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Science, 51, 532–539.
Carlson, H.L., & Hill, J.E. (1985). Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Science, 34, 29–33.
Cathcart, R.J., & Swanton, C. J. (2004). Nitrogen management will influence threshold values of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) in corn. Weed Science, 51, 975–986.
Cook, A. M., Posner, J.L., & Baldock, J.O. (2007). Effects of dairy manure and weed management on weed communities in corn on Wisconsin cash-grain farms. Weed Technology, 21, 389–395
Davis, A.S., & Liebman, M. (2001). Nitrogen source influences wild mustard growth and competitive effect on sweet corn. Weed Science, 49, 558–566.
Davis, A.S., Renner, K.A., & Gross, K.L. (2005). Weed seedbank and community shifts in a long-term cropping systems experiment. Weed Science, 53, 296-306.
Dhima, K.V., & Eleftherohorinos, I.G. (2001). Influence of nitrogen on competition between winter cereals and sterile oat. Weed Science, 49, 77–82.
Eghball, B. (2002). Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus- and nitrogen-based manure and compost applications. Agronomy, 94, 128–135.
Eghball, B., & Power, J.F. (1999). Composted and non-composted manure application to conventional and no-tillage systems: corn yield and nitrogen uptake. Agronomy, 91, 819–825.
Hole, D.G., Perkins, A.J., Wilson, J. D., Alexander, I.H. Grice, P.V., & Evans, A.D. (2005). Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biological Conservation, 122, 113-130.
Jakobsen, S. (1995). Aerobic decomposition of organic wastes 2. Value of compost as fertilizer. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 13, 57–71.
Kazemeini, S.A.R., Ghadiri, H., Karimian, N., Kamgar Haghighi, A.A., & Kheradnam. M. (2008). Interaction effect of nitrogen and organic matters on growth and yield of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum). Agriculture and Natural Resources, 12, 461-473. (In Persian).
Kazemeini, S.A.R. (2007). Interaction effects of organic matter types, nitrogen, and weeds on dryland wheat growth and yield. Ph.D. Thesis. Shiraz University. Shiraz. Iran. (In Persian).
Klironomos, J.N. (2002). Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature, 417, 67–70.
Liebman, M., Menalled, F.D., Buhler, D.D., Richard, T., Sundberg, D., Cambardella, C., & Kohler, K. (2004). Impacts of composted swine manure on weed and corn nutrient uptake, growth, and competitive interactions. Weed Science, 52, 365–375.
Maftoun, M., Moshiri, F., Karimian, N., & Ronaghi, A. (2004). Effects of two organic wastes in combination with phosphorus on growth and chemical composition of spinach and soil properties. Plant Nutrition, 27, 1651-1635.
Menalled, F.D., Buhler, D.D., & Liebman, M. (2005). Composted swine manure effects on germination and early growth of crop and weed species under greenhouse conditions. Weed Technology, 19, 784-789.
Miyazawa, K., Tsuji, H., Yamagata, M., Nakano, H., & Nakamoto, H. (2004). Response of weed flora to combination of reduced tillage, biocide application and fertilization practices in a 3-year crop rotation. Weed Biology and Management, 4, 24-34.
Mt. Pleasant, J., & Schlather, K.J. (1994). Incidence of weed seed in cow (Bos sp.) manure and its importance as a weed source for cropland. Weed Technology, 8, 304-310.
Naderi, R., & Ghadiri, H. (2011). Competition of wild mustard (Sinapis arvense L.) densities with rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Agricultural Science and Technology, 13, 45-51.
Stevenson, F.C., Legere, A., Simard, R.R., & Pageau, D. (1997). Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source. Weed Science, 45, 798-806.
Yin, L., Cai, Z., & Zhong, W. (2004). Changes in weed composition of winter wheat crops due to long-term fertilization. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 107, 181-186.
Yin, L., Cai, Z., & Zhong, W. (2006). Changes in weed community diversity of maize crops due to long-term fertilization. Crop Protection, 25, 910-914. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,821 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,557 |
||