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Pattern of Residual Stress in Rail by FEM Analysis and Strain Gage Sectioning Technique | ||
| Iranian Journal of Materials Forming | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 1، تیر 2015، صفحه 1-10 اصل مقاله (816.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/ijmf.2015.2910 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| M. A. Moazam* 1؛ A. Ghasemi2؛ M. Moradi2؛ H. Monajatizadeh2 | ||
| 1Department of Mechanic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran And Quality Control of Maintenance Department, Esfahan Steel Co., Iran | ||
| 2Department of Mechanic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Final step of rail manufacturing is cold rolling straightening process and it has significant effects on mechanical properties, straightness, flatness and development of residual stresses. Measurement of residual stresses after straightening process is obligated by rail manufacturing standards. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate residual stresses after straightening process by finite element method and strain gage sectioning technique. The straightening process has been simulated here using the FE package ABAQUS. All the input data were extracted from experimental tests according to rail manufacturing standard and homogenous and isotropic behavior of material were considered. Moreover, initial camber of the rail was measured after hot rolling and cooling process. Obtained results of numerical calculation has been validated by strain gage sectioning technique and compressive residual stresses in head and web and tension residual stress in foot of the rail has been observed. The roller arrangement used in this investigation could reduce the amount of residual stresses comparing with the previous results. Furthermore, straightness of the rail after straightening was satisfactory. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Rail؛ Straightening process؛ Camber؛ Numerical calculation؛ Strain gage | ||
| مراجع | ||
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[1] J. Basu, SL. Srimani and DS. Gupta, Rail Behavior During Cooling after Hot Rolling, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 39(2004) 15-24. [2] G. Schleinzer and F.D. Fischer, Residual Stress Formation During the Roller Straightening of Railway Rails, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 43(2001) 2281–2295. [3] W.H. Hodgson, Residual Stress in Rail, Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (1993)61–73.
[4] P.J. Webster, G. Mills, X. Wang and W.P. Xang, Residual Stress Measurements in Rails by Neutron Diffraction, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (1993) 307-314.
[5] SL. Srimani, and J. Basu, An Investigation for Control of Residual Stress in Roller-Straightened Rails, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 38(2003) 261-268. [6] C. Betegon Biempica, J.J. del Coz Diaz , P.J. Garcia Nieto and I. Penuelas Sanchez, Nonlinear Analysis of Residual Stresses in a Rail Manufacturing Process by FEM, Applied Mathematical Modelling , Vol. 33(2009) 34–53. [7] M. Bruning, A Finite-Element Model for the Simulation of the Roller Straightening of Heavy Profiles, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, (1989). [8] N.Z. Naumann, Straightening of Long Products about the First Moment of Area, Ph.D.Thesis, Montan University, Leoben, Austria, (1998). [9] T. Rongbin, T. Di, X. Lieping and J. Minliaoet , Application of the Finite-Element Method to Determine the Residual Stresses of Steel Rails, Simulation of Materials Processing, (1998) 695–700. [10]ASTM E837, Tech note 503, (2002). [11]ABAQUS Finite Element Analysis Products (www.hks.com). [12]English Version of DIN EN 13674-1, (2008).
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