| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 881 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,867 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 14,699,884 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,550,097 |
Ethics and politics in Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent And Bozorg Alavi’s Her Eyes | ||
| Persian Literary Studies Journal | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 2، شماره 2.3، آذر 2013، صفحه 79-105 اصل مقاله (167.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Papers | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22099/jps.2014.1895 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Tahereh Rezaei* 1؛ Fazel Asadi Amjad2 | ||
| 1University of Tehran | ||
| 2University of Kharazmi | ||
| چکیده | ||
| In this paper, the writers try to compare two authors, the Iranian leftist, Bozorg Alavi (1904-1997) and the Polish Joseph Conrad (1857-1924). Although these two writers have different attitudes to Socialism and the question of revolution, both share Romantic idealism and a tragic sense of personal and social life. Moreover, they both are precursors of modernist novel in their countries, and share a humanistic attitude to life, however, both are intellectual elites and their relation to their homeland is problematic. All this make possible a comparative study of these two writers. Their political proclivities tint their view of life and politics and thus they have a dissimilar view of nationalism and socialism, two political subjects they are entangled with. The very same political attitude colors their view of human agency and the ethics of human responsibility. However, each writer critiques and questions the premises of his political belief in his work, which is the most characteristic modernist attitude they share. The paper will bring similarities, differences and contradictions in Conrad and Alavi’s views to politics and individual ethics into focus and conclude that the reason for greatness and fame of these two writers is their attempt at reaching an understanding of humanity rather than reporting on the political taste of a people or time. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Her Eyes؛ The Secret Agent؛ socialism؛ revolution | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alavi, Bozorg. Chashmhayash. (Her Eyes). Tehran: Amirkabir. 1978. Print.
Azhand, Ya’qub. Anvae-e Adabi dar Iran-e Emrouz. (Literary Genres in Modern Iran) Tehran: Ghatreh. 2004. Print.
Bantock, G. H. B. “Conrad and Politics.” Johns Hopkins University Press, ELH, Vol. 25, No. 2. 1958. 122-136. Electronic.
Conrad, Joseph. The Secret Agent, a Simple Tale. London: Methuen and Co., 1907. Print.
---. "Autocracy and war". Notes on Life and Letters. Edit. J. H. Stape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print
---. Under Western Eyes. Standard American Edition. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1938. Print.
Culler, Jonathan. “Comparative Literature, At Last!” In Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Edit. Charles Bernheimer. Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press, 1995. 117-121. Print.
Emerson, Caryl. The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print.
Foran, John. Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran from 1500 to the Revolution. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993. Print.
Ghods, M. Reza. “The Iranian Communist Movement under Reza Shah.” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4. 1990. 506-513. Electronic.
Gogwilt, Christopher. “Subversive Plots: From Under Western Eyes to The Secret Agent.” Bloom’s Modern Critical Views: Joseph Conrad. Edit. Harold Bloom. Infobase Publishing. New Edition, 2010. 89-123. Electronic.
Haugh, Robert F. “Joseph Conrad and Revolution.” From College English, Vol. 10, No. 5, 1949, 273-277. Electronic.
Howe, Irving. “Joseph Conrad III: The Political Novels.” Kenyon College. The Kenyon Review, Vol. 16, No. 1. 1954. 1-19. Electronic.
Kasmaei, Ali Akbar. “Barkhi az Nevisandegane Pishgam dar Dastan Nevisi Emruze Iran.” [Some Pioneer Writers in Modern Iranian Story Writing]. Tehran; Sherkate Moalefan va Motarjemane Iran, First Edition, 1996. Print.
Leavis, F. R. “Joseph Conrad.” The Sewanee Review, Vol. 66, No. 2, 1958. 179-200. Electronic. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27538715
Lewis, Pericles. Modernism, Nationalism, and the Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print.
Magill, Lewis M. “Joseph Conrad: Russia and England.” The North American Conference on British Studies. Vol. 3, No. 1. 1971. 3-8. Electronic.
Mirsadeghi, Jamal. “Adabiate Dastani: Ghese, Dastane Kutah, Roman ba Negahi be Dastan Nevisi Moasere Iran.” [Fiction: story, Short Story, Novel with a Look to Contemporary Iranian Story Writing]. Tehran: Entesharate Shafa, 1987. 613-620. Print.
Najder, Zdzislaw. Conrad in Perspective: Essays on Art and Fidelity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Print.
Newman, Michael. Socialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.
Niland, Richard. Conrad and History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Sandler, Rivanne. "Literary Developments in Iran in the 1960s and the 1970s Prior to the 1978 Revolution." World Literature Today, Vol. 60, No. 2, Literatures of the Middle East: A Fertile Crescent, 1986. 246-251. Electronic.
Schnauder, Ludwig. Free Will and Determinism in Joseph Conrad’s Major Novels. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi. 2009. Print.
Seymour-Smith, Martin. “Introduction”. The Secret Agent. Joseph Conrad. London: Penguin Twentieth-Century Classic edition, 1984. Print.
Sherry, Norman. Joseph Conrad: The Critical Heritage. London & New York: Rutledge, 1997. Print.
Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. Harlow: Longman, 1982, print.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 4,021 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 4,386 |
||